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Troubleshooting Amazon S3 Lifecycle issues

The following information can help you troubleshoot common issues with Amazon S3 Lifecycle rules.

S3 Lifecycle object transitions and object expirations are asynchronous operations. Therefore, there might be a delay between the time that the objects are eligible for expiration or transition and the time that they are actually transitioned or expired. Changes in billing are applied as soon as the lifecycle rule is satisfied, even if the action isn't complete. The exception to this behavior is if you have a lifecycle rule set to transition to the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class. In that case, billing changes don't occur until the object has transitioned to S3 Intelligent-Tiering. For more information about changes in billing, see Setting lifecycle configuration on a bucket.

Amazon S3 doesn’t transition objects that are smaller than 128 KB from the S3 Standard or S3 Standard-IA storage class to the S3 Intelligent-Tiering, S3 Standard-IA, or S3 One Zone-IA storage class.

To monitor actions taken by lifecycle rules, you can use the following features:

• S3 Event Notifications – You can set up S3 Event Notifications so that you're notified of any S3 Lifecycle expiration or transition events.

• S3 server access logs – You can enable server access logs for your S3 buckets to capture S3 Lifecycle actions, such as object transitions to another storage class or object expirations. For more information, see Lifecycle and logging.

To view the changes in your storage caused by lifecycle actions on a daily basis, we recommend using S3 Storage Lens dashboards instead of using Amazon CloudWatch metrics. In your Storage Lens dashboard, you can view the following metrics, which monitor the object count or size:

• Current version bytes

• Current version object count

• Noncurrent version bytes

• Noncurrent version object count

• Delete marker object count

• Delete marker storage bytes

• Incomplete multipart upload bytes

• Incomplete multipart upload object count

In a versioning-enabled bucket, when an object is expired, the object isn't completely deleted from the bucket. Instead, a delete marker is created as the newest version of the object. Delete markers are still counted as objects. Therefore, if a lifecycle rule is created to expire only the current versions, then the object count in the S3 bucket actually increases instead of going down.

For example, let's say an S3 bucket is versioning-enabled with 100 objects, and a lifecycle rule is set to expire current versions of the object after 7 days. After the seventh day, the object count increases to 200 because 100 delete markers are created in addition to the 100 original objects, which are now the noncurrent versions. For more information about S3 Lifecycle configuration rule actions for versioning-enabled buckets, see Setting lifecycle configuration on a bucket.

To permanently remove objects, add an additional lifecycle configuration to delete the previous versions of the objects, expired delete markers, and incomplete multipart uploads. For instructions on how to create new lifecycle rules, see Setting lifecycle configuration on a bucket.

• Amazon S3 rounds the transition or expiration date of an object to midnight UTC the next day.

  When evaluating objects for lifecycle actions, Amazon S3 uses the object creation time in UTC. For example, consider a nonversioned bucket with a lifecycle rule that's configured to expire objects after one day. Suppose that an object was created on January 1 at 17:05 Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), which corresponds to January 2 at 00:05 UTC. The object becomes one day old at 00:05 UTC on January 3, which makes it eligible for expiration when S3 Lifecycle evaluates objects at 00:00 UTC on January 4.

  Because Amazon S3 lifecycle actions occur asynchronously, there might be some delay between the date specified in the lifecycle rule and the actual physical transition of the object. For more information, see Transition or expiration delay.

  For more information, see Lifecycle rules: Based on an object's age.

• For S3 objects that are protected by Object Lock, current versions are not permanently deleted. Instead, a delete marker is added to the objects, making them noncurrent. Noncurrent versions are then preserved and are not permanently expired.

S3 Lifecycle rules are an effective tool to empty an S3 bucket with millions of objects. To delete a large number of objects from your S3 bucket, make sure to use these two pairs of lifecycle rules:

• Expire current versions of objects and Permanently delete previous versions of objects

• Delete expired delete markers and Delete incomplete multipart uploads

For steps on how to create a lifecycle configuration rule, see Setting lifecycle configuration on a bucket.

For S3 objects that are protected by Object Lock, current versions are not permanently deleted. Instead, a delete marker is added to the objects, making them noncurrent. Noncurrent versions are then preserved and are not permanently expired.

There are several reasons that your bill might increase after transitioning objects to a lower-cost storage class:

• S3 Glacier overhead charges for small objects

  For each object that is transitioned to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval or S3 Glacier Deep Archive, a total overhead of 40 KB is associated with this storage update. As part of the 40 KB overhead, 8 KB is used to store metadata and the name of the object. This 8 KB is charged according to S3 Standard rates. The remaining 32 KB is used for indexing and related metadata. This 32 KB is charged according to S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval or S3 Glacier Deep Archive pricing.

  Therefore, if you're storing many smaller sized objects, we don't recommend using lifecycle transitions. Instead, to reduce any overhead charges, consider aggregating many smaller objects into a smaller number of large objects before storing them in Amazon S3. For more information about cost considerations, see Transitioning to the S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval and S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage classes (object archival).

• Minimum storage charges

  Some S3 storage classes have minimum storage-duration requirements. Objects that are deleted, overwritten, or transitioned from those classes before the minimum duration is satisfied are charged a prorated early transition or deletion fee. These minimum storage-duration requirements are as follows:

  • S3 Standard-IA and S3 One Zone-IA – 30 days

  • S3 Glacier Flexible Retrieval and S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval – 90 days

  • S3 Glacier Deep Archive – 180 days

  For more information about these requirements, see the Constraints section of Transitioning objects using S3 Lifecycle. For general S3 pricing information, see Amazon S3 pricing and the AWS Pricing Calculator.

• Lifecycle transition costs

  Each time an object is transitioned to a different storage class by a lifecycle rule, Amazon S3 counts that transition as one transition request. The costs for these transition requests are in addition to the costs of these storage classes. If you plan to transition a large number of objects, consider the request costs when transitioning to a lower tier. For more information, see Amazon S3 pricing.

Deny statements in a bucket policy don't prevent the expiration of the objects defined in a lifecycle rule. Lifecycle actions (such as transitions or expirations) don't use the S3 DeleteObject operation. Instead, S3 Lifecycle actions are performed by using internal S3 endpoints. (For more information, see Lifecycle and logging.)

To prevent your lifecycle rule from taking any action, you must edit, delete, or disable the rule.

The only way to recover objects that are expired by S3 Lifecycle is through versioning, which must be in place before the objects become eligible for expiration. You cannot undo the expiration operations that are performed by lifecycle rules. If objects are permanently deleted by the S3 Lifecycle rules that are in place, you cannot recover these objects. To enable versioning on a bucket, see Retaining multiple versions of objects with S3 Versioning.

If you have applied versioning to the bucket and the noncurrent versions of the objects are still intact, you can restore previous versions of the expired objects. For more information about the behavior of S3 Lifecycle rule actions and versioning states, see the Lifecycle actions and bucket versioning state table in Elements to describe lifecycle actions.

If the S3 bucket is protected by AWS Backup or S3 Replication, you might also be able to use these features to recover your expired objects.

For a versioning-enabled or versioning-suspended bucket, the following considerations guide how Amazon S3 handles the Expiration action:

• Object expiration applies only to an object's current version (it has no impact on noncurrent object versions).

• Amazon S3 doesn't take any action if there are one or more object versions and the delete marker is the current version.

• Amazon S3 doesn't take any action on noncurrent versions of objects that have S3 Object Lock applied.

• For objects with a PENDING replication status, Amazon S3 doesn't take any action current or noncurrent versions of objects.

Lifecycle storage class transitions have the following constraints:

• By default, objects smaller than 128 KB won't transition to any storage class.

• Objects must be stored for at least 30 days before transitioning to S3 Standard-IA or S3 One Zone-IA.

• For versioning enabled or versioning suspended buckets, objects with a PENDING replication status can't be transitioned.

S3 Lifecycle doesn't support excluding prefixes in your rules. Instead, use tags to tag all of the objects that you want to include in the rule. For more information about using tags in your lifecycle rules, see Archiving all objects within one day after creation.

S3 Lifecycle doesn't support including multiple prefixes in your rules. Instead, use tags to tag all of the objects that you want to include in the rule. For more information about using tags in your lifecycle rules, see Archiving all objects within one day after creation.

However, if you have one or more prefixes that start with the same characters, you can include all of those prefixes in your rule by specifying a partial prefix with no trailing slash (/) in the filter. For example, suppose that you have these prefixes:

sales1999/
sales2000/
sales2001/

To include all three prefixes in your rule, specify <Prefix>sales</Prefix> in your lifecycle rule.

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