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Showing content from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_CopySnapshot.html below:

Copying a DB snapshot for Amazon RDS

Copying a DB snapshot for Amazon RDS

With Amazon RDS, you can copy automated backups or manual DB snapshots. After you copy a snapshot, the copy is a manual snapshot. You can make multiple copies of an automated backup or manual snapshot, but each copy must have a unique identifier.

You can copy a snapshot within the same AWS Region, you can copy a snapshot across AWS Regions, and you can copy shared snapshots.

Copying a DB snapshot

For each AWS account, you can copy up to 20 DB snapshots at a time from one AWS Region to another. If you copy a DB snapshot to another AWS Region, you create a manual DB snapshot that is retained in that AWS Region. Copying a DB snapshot out of the source AWS Region incurs Amazon RDS data transfer charges.

For more information about data transfer pricing, see Amazon RDS pricing.

After the DB snapshot copy has been created in the new AWS Region, the DB snapshot copy behaves the same as all other DB snapshots in that AWS Region.

You can copy a DB snapshot using the AWS Management Console, the AWS CLI, or the RDS API.

The following procedure copies an encrypted or unencrypted DB snapshot, in the same AWS Region or across Regions, by using the AWS Management Console.

To copy a DB snapshot

  1. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and open the Amazon RDS console at https://console.aws.amazon.com/rds/.

  2. In the navigation pane, choose Snapshots.

  3. Select the DB snapshot that you want to copy.

  4. For Actions, choose Copy snapshot.

    The Copy snapshot page appears.

  5. For Target option group (optional), choose a new option group if you want.

    Specify this option if you are copying a snapshot from one AWS Region to another, and your DB instance uses a nondefault option group.

    If your source DB instance uses Transparent Data Encryption for Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server, you must specify this option when copying across Regions. For more information, see Considerations for option groups.

  6. (Optional) To copy the DB snapshot to a different AWS Region, for Destination Region, choose the new AWS Region.

    Note

    The destination AWS Region must have the same database engine version available as the source AWS Region.

  7. For New DB snapshot identifier, type the name of the DB snapshot copy.

    You can make multiple copies of an automated backup or manual snapshot, but each copy must have a unique identifier.

  8. (Optional) Select Copy Tags to copy tags and values from the snapshot to the copy of the snapshot.

  9. (Optional) For Encryption, do the following:

    1. Choose Enable Encryption if the DB snapshot isn't encrypted but you want to encrypt the copy.

      Note

      If the DB snapshot is encrypted, you must encrypt the copy, so the check box is already selected.

    2. For AWS KMS key, specify the KMS key identifier to use to encrypt the DB snapshot copy.

  10. Choose Copy snapshot.

You can copy a DB snapshot by using the AWS CLI command copy-db-snapshot. If you are copying the snapshot to a new AWS Region, run the command in the new AWS Region.

The following options are used to copy a DB snapshot. Not all options are required for all scenarios. Use the descriptions and the examples that follow to determine which options to use.

Example from unencrypted, to the same Region

The following code creates a copy of a snapshot, with the new name mydbsnapshotcopy, in the same AWS Region as the source snapshot. When the copy is made, the DB option group and tags on the original snapshot are copied to the snapshot copy.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot \
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-west-2:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805 \
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy \
    --copy-option-group \
    --copy-tags

For Windows:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot ^
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-west-2:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805 ^
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy ^
    --copy-option-group ^
    --copy-tags
Example from unencrypted, across Regions

The following code creates a copy of a snapshot, with the new name mydbsnapshotcopy, in the AWS Region in which the command is run.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot \
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805 \
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy

For Windows:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot ^
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-east-1:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805 ^
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy
Example from encrypted, across Regions

The following code example copies an encrypted DB snapshot from the US West (Oregon) Region in the US East (N. Virginia) Region. Run the command in the destination (us-east-1) Region.

For Linux, macOS, or Unix:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot \
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-west-2:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20161115 \
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy \
    --kms-key-id my-us-east-1-key \ 
    --option-group-name custom-option-group-name

For Windows:

aws rds copy-db-snapshot ^
    --source-db-snapshot-identifier arn:aws:rds:us-west-2:123456789012:snapshot:mysql-instance1-snapshot-20161115 ^
    --target-db-snapshot-identifier mydbsnapshotcopy ^
    --kms-key-id my-us-east-1-key ^
    --option-group-name custom-option-group-name

The --source-region parameter is required when you're copying an encrypted snapshot between the AWS GovCloud (US-East) and AWS GovCloud (US-West) Regions. For --source-region, specify the AWS Region of the source DB instance.

If --source-region isn't specified, specify a --pre-signed-url value. A presigned URL is a URL that contains a Signature Version 4 signed request for the copy-db-snapshot command that's called in the source AWS Region. To learn more about the pre-signed-url option, see copy-db-snapshot in the AWS CLI Command Reference.

You can copy a DB snapshot by using the Amazon RDS API operation CopyDBSnapshot. If you are copying the snapshot to a new AWS Region, perform the action in the new AWS Region.

The following parameters are used to copy a DB snapshot. Not all parameters are required for all scenarios. Use the descriptions and the examples that follow to determine which parameters to use.

Example from unencrypted, to the same Region

The following code creates a copy of a snapshot, with the new name mydbsnapshotcopy, in the same AWS Region as the source snapshot. When the copy is made, all tags on the original snapshot are copied to the snapshot copy.

https://rds.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/
	?Action=CopyDBSnapshot
	&CopyTags=true
	&SignatureMethod=HmacSHA256
	&SignatureVersion=4
	&SourceDBSnapshotIdentifier=mysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805
	&TargetDBSnapshotIdentifier=mydbsnapshotcopy
	&Version=2013-09-09
	&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256
	&X-Amz-Credential=AKIADQKE4SARGYLE/20140429/us-west-1/rds/aws4_request
	&X-Amz-Date=20140429T175351Z
	&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=content-type;host;user-agent;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
	&X-Amz-Signature=9164337efa99caf850e874a1cb7ef62f3cea29d0b448b9e0e7c53b288ddffed2
Example from unencrypted, across Regions

The following code creates a copy of a snapshot, with the new name mydbsnapshotcopy, in the US West (N. California) Region.

https://rds.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/
	?Action=CopyDBSnapshot
	&SignatureMethod=HmacSHA256
	&SignatureVersion=4
	&SourceDBSnapshotIdentifier=arn%3Aaws%3Ards%3Aus-east-1%3A123456789012%3Asnapshot%3Amysql-instance1-snapshot-20130805
	&TargetDBSnapshotIdentifier=mydbsnapshotcopy
	&Version=2013-09-09
	&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256
	&X-Amz-Credential=AKIADQKE4SARGYLE/20140429/us-west-1/rds/aws4_request
	&X-Amz-Date=20140429T175351Z
	&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=content-type;host;user-agent;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
	&X-Amz-Signature=9164337efa99caf850e874a1cb7ef62f3cea29d0b448b9e0e7c53b288ddffed2
Example from encrypted, across Regions

The following code creates a copy of a snapshot, with the new name mydbsnapshotcopy, in the US East (N. Virginia) Region.

https://rds.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/
    ?Action=CopyDBSnapshot
    &KmsKeyId=my-us-east-1-key
    &OptionGroupName=custom-option-group-name
    &PreSignedUrl=https%253A%252F%252Frds.us-west-2.amazonaws.com%252F
         %253FAction%253DCopyDBSnapshot
         %2526DestinationRegion%253Dus-east-1
         %2526KmsKeyId%253Dmy-us-east-1-key
         %2526SourceDBSnapshotIdentifier%253Darn%25253Aaws%25253Ards%25253Aus-west-2%25253A123456789012%25253Asnapshot%25253Amysql-instance1-snapshot-20161115
         %2526SignatureMethod%253DHmacSHA256
         %2526SignatureVersion%253D4
         %2526Version%253D2014-10-31
         %2526X-Amz-Algorithm%253DAWS4-HMAC-SHA256
         %2526X-Amz-Credential%253DAKIADQKE4SARGYLE%252F20161117%252Fus-west-2%252Frds%252Faws4_request
         %2526X-Amz-Date%253D20161117T215409Z
         %2526X-Amz-Expires%253D3600
         %2526X-Amz-SignedHeaders%253Dcontent-type%253Bhost%253Buser-agent%253Bx-amz-content-sha256%253Bx-amz-date
         %2526X-Amz-Signature%253D255a0f17b4e717d3b67fad163c3ec26573b882c03a65523522cf890a67fca613
    &SignatureMethod=HmacSHA256
    &SignatureVersion=4
    &SourceDBSnapshotIdentifier=arn%3Aaws%3Ards%3Aus-west-2%3A123456789012%3Asnapshot%3Amysql-instance1-snapshot-20161115
    &TargetDBSnapshotIdentifier=mydbsnapshotcopy
    &Version=2014-10-31
    &X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256
    &X-Amz-Credential=AKIADQKE4SARGYLE/20161117/us-east-1/rds/aws4_request
    &X-Amz-Date=20161117T221704Z
    &X-Amz-SignedHeaders=content-type;host;user-agent;x-amz-content-sha256;x-amz-date
    &X-Amz-Signature=da4f2da66739d2e722c85fcfd225dc27bba7e2b8dbea8d8612434378e52adccf
Limitations

The following are some limitations when you copy snapshots:

Considerations

For considerations when copying a DB snapshot, see the following topics.

Snapshot retention

Amazon RDS deletes automated backups in several situations:

If you want to keep an automated backup for a longer period, copy it to create a manual snapshot, which is retained until you delete it. Amazon RDS storage costs might apply to manual snapshots if they exceed your default storage space.

For more information about backup storage costs, see Amazon RDS pricing.

Considerations for shared snapshot copying

You can copy snapshots shared to you by other AWS accounts. In some cases, you might copy an encrypted snapshot that has been shared from another AWS account. In these cases, you must have access to the AWS KMS key that was used to encrypt the snapshot.

Note

Amazon RDS storage costs apply to shared snapshots you copy. Amazon RDS might attach the ARN of the source DB instance to the snapshot you copied.

You can copy a shared DB snapshot across AWS Regions if the snapshot is unencrypted. However, if the shared DB snapshot is encrypted, you can only copy it in the same Region.

Note

Copying shared incremental snapshots in the same AWS Region is supported when they're unencrypted, or encrypted using the same KMS key as the initial full snapshot. If you use a different KMS key to encrypt subsequent snapshots when copying them, those shared snapshots are full snapshots. For more information, see Considerations for incremental snapshot copying.

Considerations for encryption snapshot copying

You can copy a snapshot that has been encrypted using a KMS key. If you copy an encrypted snapshot, the copy of the snapshot must also be encrypted. If you copy an encrypted snapshot within the same AWS Region, you can encrypt the copy with the same KMS key as the original snapshot. Or you can specify a different KMS key.

If you copy an encrypted snapshot across Regions, you must specify a KMS key valid in the destination AWS Region. It can be a Region-specific KMS key, or a multi-Region key. For more information on multi-Region KMS keys, see Using multi-Region keys in AWS KMS.

The source snapshot remains encrypted throughout the copy process. For more information, see Limitations of Amazon RDS encrypted DB instances.

You can also encrypt a copy of an unencrypted snapshot. This way, you can quickly add encryption to a previously unencrypted DB instance. To do this, you create a snapshot of your DB instance when you are ready to encrypt it. You then create a copy of that snapshot and specify a KMS key to encrypt that snapshot copy. You can then restore an encrypted DB instance from the encrypted snapshot.

Important

When you use explicit deny statements for all resources (*) in AWS KMS key policies with managed services like Amazon RDS, you must specify a condition to allow the resource owning account. The copy operation might fail without this condition, even if the deny rule includes exceptions for your IAM user.

For more information about AWS KMS key management for Amazon RDS, see AWS KMS key management.

Considerations for incremental snapshot copying

An incremental snapshot contains only the data that has changed after the most recent snapshot of the same DB instance. Incremental snapshot copying is faster and results in lower storage costs than full snapshot copying.

Whether a snapshot copy is incremental is determined by the most recently completed snapshot copy and the source snapshot. If the most recent snapshot copy was deleted, the next copy is a full copy, not an incremental copy. A snapshot copy will be the same type as the source snapshot. If the source snapshot is an incremental snapshot, then the snapshot copy will be an incremental snapshot.

When you copy a snapshot across AWS accounts, the copy is an incremental copy only if all of the following conditions are met:

The following examples illustrate the difference between full and incremental snapshots. They apply to both shared and unshared snapshots.

Snapshot Encryption key Full or incremental S1 K1 Full S2 K1 Incremental of S1 S3 K1 Incremental of S2 S4 K1 Incremental of S3 Copy of S1 (S1C) K2 Full Copy of S2 (S2C) K3 Full Copy of S3 (S3C) K3 Incremental of S2C Copy of S4 (S4C) K3 Incremental of S3C Copy 2 of S4 (S4C2) K4 Full

Note

In these examples, snapshots S2, S3, and S4 are incremental only if the previous snapshot still exists.

The same applies to copies. Snapshot copies S3C and S4C are incremental only if the previous copy still exists.

For information on copying incremental snapshots across AWS Regions, see Full and incremental copies.

Considerations for cross-Region snapshot copying

You can copy DB snapshots across AWS Regions. However, there are certain constraints and considerations for cross-Region snapshot copying.

Requesting a cross-Region DB snapshot copy

To communicate with the source Region to request a cross-Region DB snapshot copy, the requester (IAM role or IAM user) must have access to the source DB snapshot and the source Region.

Certain conditions in the requester's IAM policy can cause the request to fail. The following examples assume that you're copying the DB snapshot from US East (Ohio) to US East (N. Virginia). These examples show conditions in the requester's IAM policy that cause the request to fail:

If you need to use one of the previous conditions that would cause a request to fail, you can include a second statement with aws:CalledVia in your policy to make the request succeed. For example, you can use aws:CalledVia with aws:SourceVpce as shown here:

...
"Effect": "Allow",
"Action": "rds:CopyDBSnapshot",
"Resource": "*",
"Condition": {
    "Condition" : { 
        "ForAnyValue:StringEquals" : {
          "aws:SourceVpce": "vpce-1a2b3c4d"
        }
     }
},
{
    "Effect": "Allow",
    "Action": [
        "rds:CopyDBSnapshot"
    ],
    "Resource": "*",
    "Condition": {
        "ForAnyValue:StringEquals": {
            "aws:CalledVia": [
                "rds.amazonaws.com"
            ]
        }
    }
}

For more information, see Policies and permissions in IAM in the IAM User Guide.

Authorizing the snapshot copy

After a cross-Region DB snapshot copy request returns success, RDS starts the copy in the background. An authorization for RDS to access the source snapshot is created. This authorization links the source DB snapshot to the target DB snapshot, and allows RDS to copy only to the specified target snapshot.

The authorization is verified by RDS using the rds:CrossRegionCommunication permission in the service-linked IAM role. If the copy is authorized, RDS communicates with the source Region and completes the copy.

RDS doesn't have access to DB snapshots that weren't authorized previously by a CopyDBSnapshot request. The authorization is revoked when copying completes.

RDS uses the service-linked role to verify the authorization in the source Region. If you delete the service-linked role during the copy process, the copy fails.

For more information, see Using service-linked roles in the IAM User Guide.

Using AWS Security Token Service credentials

Session tokens from the global AWS Security Token Service (AWS STS) endpoint are valid only in AWS Regions that are enabled by default (commercial Regions). If you use credentials from the assumeRole API operation in AWS STS, use the regional endpoint if the source Region is an opt-in Region. Otherwise, the request fails. This happens because your credentials must be valid in both Regions, which is true for opt-in Regions only when the regional AWS STS endpoint is used.

To use the global endpoint, make sure that it's enabled for both Regions in the operations. Set the global endpoint to Valid in all AWS Regions in the AWS STS account settings.

The same rule applies to credentials in the presigned URL parameter.

For more information, see Managing AWS STS in an AWS Region in the IAM User Guide.

Latency and multiple copy requests

Depending on the AWS Regions involved and the amount of data to be copied, a cross-Region snapshot copy can take hours to complete.

In some cases, there might be a large number of cross-Region snapshot copy requests from a given source AWS Region. In such cases, Amazon RDS might put new cross-Region copy requests from that source AWS Region into a queue until some in-progress copies complete. No progress information is displayed about copy requests while they are in the queue. Progress information is displayed when the copying starts.

Full and incremental copies

When you copy a snapshot to a different AWS Region from the source snapshot, the first copy is a full snapshot copy, even if you copy an incremental snapshot. A full snapshot copy contains all of the data and metadata required to restore the DB instance. After the first snapshot copy, you can copy incremental snapshots of the same DB instance to the same destination Region within the same AWS account. For more information on incremental snapshots, see Considerations for incremental snapshot copying.

Incremental snapshot copying across AWS Regions is supported for both unencrypted and encrypted snapshots.

When you copy a snapshot across AWS Regions, the copy is an incremental copy if the following conditions are met:

Considerations for option groups

DB option groups are specific to the AWS Region that they are created in, and you can't use an option group from one AWS Region in another AWS Region.

For Oracle databases, you can use the AWS CLI or RDS API to copy the custom DB option group from a snapshot that has been shared with your AWS account. You can only copy option groups within the same AWS Region. The option group isn't copied if it has already been copied to the destination account and no changes have been made to it since being copied. If the source option group has been copied before, but has changed since being copied, RDS copies the new version to the destination account. Default option groups aren't copied.

When you copy a snapshot across Regions, you can specify a new option group for the snapshot. We recommend that you prepare the new option group before you copy the snapshot. In the destination AWS Region, create an option group with the same settings as the original DB instance. If one already exists in the new AWS Region, you can use that one.

In some cases, you might copy a snapshot and not specify a new option group for the snapshot. In these cases, when you restore the snapshot the DB instance gets the default option group. To give the new DB instance the same options as the original, do the following:

  1. In the destination AWS Region, create an option group with the same settings as the original DB instance. If one already exists in the new AWS Region, you can use that one.

  2. After you restore the snapshot in the destination AWS Region, modify the new DB instance and add the new or existing option group from the previous step.

Considerations for parameter group

When you copy a snapshot across Regions, the copy doesn't include the parameter group used by the original DB instance. When you restore a snapshot to create a new DB instance, that DB instance gets the default parameter group for the AWS Region it is created in. To give the new DB instance the same parameters as the original, do the following:

  1. In the destination AWS Region, create a DB parameter group with the same settings as the original DB instance. If one already exists in the new AWS Region, you can use that one.

  2. After you restore the snapshot in the destination AWS Region, modify the new DB instance and add the new or existing parameter group from the previous step.

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