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Showing content from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonECS/latest/developerguide/bootstrap_container_instance.html below:

Bootstrapping Amazon ECS Linux container instances to pass data

When you launch an Amazon EC2 instance, you can pass user data to the EC2 instance. The data can be used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run scripts when the instance boots. For Amazon ECS, the most common use cases for user data are to pass configuration information to the Docker daemon and the Amazon ECS container agent.

You can pass multiple types of user data to Amazon EC2, including cloud boothooks, shell scripts, and cloud-init directives. For more information about these and other format types, see the Cloud-Init documentation.

To pass the user data when using the Amazon EC2 launch wizard, see Launching an Amazon ECS Linux container instance.

You can configure the container instance to pass data in the container agent configuration or in the Docker daemon configuration.

The Linux variants of the Amazon ECS-optimized AMI look for agent configuration data in the /etc/ecs/ecs.config file when the container agent starts. You can specify this configuration data at launch with Amazon EC2 user data. For more information about available Amazon ECS container agent configuration variables, see Amazon ECS container agent configuration.

To set only a single agent configuration variable, such as the cluster name, use echo to copy the variable to the configuration file:

#!/bin/bash
echo "ECS_CLUSTER=MyCluster" >> /etc/ecs/ecs.config

If you have multiple variables to write to /etc/ecs/ecs.config, use the following heredoc format. This format writes everything between the lines beginning with cat and EOF to the configuration file.

#!/bin/bash
cat <<'EOF' >> /etc/ecs/ecs.config
ECS_CLUSTER=MyCluster
ECS_ENGINE_AUTH_TYPE=docker
ECS_ENGINE_AUTH_DATA={"https://index.docker.io/v1/":{"username":"my_name","password":"my_password","email":"email@example.com"}}
ECS_LOGLEVEL=debug
ECS_WARM_POOLS_CHECK=true
EOF

To set custom instance attributes, set the ECS_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTES environment variable.

#!/bin/bash
cat <<'EOF' >> ecs.config
ECS_INSTANCE_ATTRIBUTES={"envtype":"prod"}
EOF

You can specify Docker daemon configuration information with Amazon EC2 user data. For more information about configuration options, see the Docker daemon documentation.

AWS doesn't support custom Docker configurations, because they can sometimes conflict with future Amazon ECS changes or features without warning.

In the example below, the custom options are added to the Docker daemon configuration file, /etc/docker/daemon.json which is then specified in the user data when the instance is launched.

#!/bin/bash
cat <<EOF >/etc/docker/daemon.json
{"debug": true}
EOF
systemctl restart docker --no-block

In the example below, the custom options are added to the Docker daemon configuration file, /etc/docker/daemon.json which is then specified in the user data when the instance is launched. This example shows how to disable the docker-proxy in the Docker daemon config file.

#!/bin/bash
cat <<EOF >/etc/docker/daemon.json
{"userland-proxy": false}
EOF
systemctl restart docker --no-block

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