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Showing content from https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/string/struct.FromUtf8Error.html below:

FromUtf8Error in alloc::string - Rust

pub struct FromUtf8Error {  }

A possible error value when converting a String from a UTF-8 byte vector.

This type is the error type for the from_utf8 method on String. It is designed in such a way to carefully avoid reallocations: the into_bytes method will give back the byte vector that was used in the conversion attempt.

The Utf8Error type provided by std::str represents an error that may occur when converting a slice of u8s to a &str. In this sense, it’s an analogue to FromUtf8Error, and you can get one from a FromUtf8Error through the utf8_error method.

let bytes = vec![0, 159];

let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);

assert!(value.is_err());
assert_eq!(vec![0, 159], value.unwrap_err().into_bytes());

Returns a slice of u8s bytes that were attempted to convert to a String.

let bytes = vec![0, 159];

let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);

assert_eq!(&[0, 159], value.unwrap_err().as_bytes());

Converts the bytes into a String lossily, substituting invalid UTF-8 sequences with replacement characters.

See String::from_utf8_lossy for more details on replacement of invalid sequences, and String::from_utf8_lossy_owned for the String function which corresponds to this function.

#![feature(string_from_utf8_lossy_owned)]
let input: Vec<u8> = b"Hello \xF0\x90\x80World".into();
let output = String::from_utf8(input).unwrap_or_else(|e| e.into_utf8_lossy());

assert_eq!(String::from("Hello �World"), output);

Returns the bytes that were attempted to convert to a String.

This method is carefully constructed to avoid allocation. It will consume the error, moving out the bytes, so that a copy of the bytes does not need to be made.

let bytes = vec![0, 159];

let value = String::from_utf8(bytes);

assert_eq!(vec![0, 159], value.unwrap_err().into_bytes());

Fetch a Utf8Error to get more details about the conversion failure.

The Utf8Error type provided by std::str represents an error that may occur when converting a slice of u8s to a &str. In this sense, it’s an analogue to FromUtf8Error. See its documentation for more details on using it.

let bytes = vec![0, 159];

let error = String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap_err().utf8_error();

assert_eq!(1, error.valid_up_to());

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any.

Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports.

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

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