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3D Visualization Using OpenGL • rgl

The RGL package is a visualization device system for R, using OpenGL or WebGL as the rendering backend. An OpenGL rgl device at its core is a real-time 3D engine written in C++. It provides an interactive viewpoint navigation facility (mouse + wheel support) and an R programming interface. WebGL, on the other hand, is rendered in a web browser; rgl produces the input file, and the browser shows the images.

Most users will want to install the latest CRAN release. For Windows, macOS and some Linux platforms, installation can be easy, as CRAN distributes binary versions:

# Install latest release from CRAN
install.packages("rgl")

To install the latest development version from Github, you’ll need to do a source install. Those aren’t easy! Try

# Install development version from Github
remotes::install_github("dmurdoch/rgl")

If that fails, read the instructions below.

Currently installs are tested on older R versions back to R 3.5.x, but this version of rgl may work back as far as R 3.3.0.

The software is released under the GNU Public License. See COPYING for details.

• portable R package using OpenGL (if available) on macOS, Win32 and X11
• can produce 3D graphics in web pages using WebGL
• R programming interface
• interactive viewpoint navigation
• automatic data focus
• geometry primitives: points, lines, triangles, quads, texts, point sprites
• high-level geometry: surface, spheres
• up to 8 light sources
• alpha-blending (transparency)
• side-dependent fill-mode rendering (dots, wired and filled)
• texture-mapping with mipmapping and environment mapping support
• environmental effects: fogging, background sphere
• bounding box with axis ticks marks
• undo operation: shapes and light-sources are managed on type stacks, where the top-most objects can be popped, or any item specified by an identifier can be removed

macOS Windows 7/10 Unix-derivatives

R recommended tools (gcc toolchain) On Windows, Rtools40 (or earlier versions for pre-R-4.0.0)

For OpenGL display:

Windowing System (unix/x11 or Windows)
OpenGL Library
OpenGL Utility Library (GLU)

For WebGL display:

A browser with WebGL enabled. See https://get.webgl.org.

Debian and variants including Ubuntu:

aptitude install libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev

Fedora:

yum install mesa-libGL-devel mesa-libGLU-devel libpng-devel

macOS:

Install XQuartz.
rgl should work with XQuartz 2.7.11 or newer, but it will probably need rebuilding if the XQuartz version changes. XQuartz normally needs re-installation whenever the macOS version changes.

Windows:

Windows normally includes OpenGL support, but to get the appropriate include files etc., you will need the appropriate version of Rtools matched to your R version.

The libpng library version 1.2.9 or newer is needed for pixmap import/export support.

The freetype library is needed for resizable anti-aliased fonts.

Binary builds of rgl are available for some platforms on CRAN.

For source builds, install the prerequisites as described above, download the tarball and at the command line run

R CMD INSTALL rgl_1.3.15.tar.gz

(with the appropriate version of the tarball). The build uses an autoconf configure script; to see the options, expand the tarball and run ./configure --help.

Alternatively, in R run

to install from CRAN, or

remotes::install_github("dmurdoch/rgl")

to install the development version from Github.

To build on MacOS using one of the ARM64 chips (currently M1, M2 or M3), follow the instructions on https://mac.r-project.org/tools/ to install the tools and libraries into /opt/R/arm64. It is important that /opt/R/arm64/bin appear in your PATH before /usr/local/bin if the latter directory has been used for x86_64 installs. If you don’t do this, or have some other error in setting things up, you’ll get a warning during rgl installation saying that some configure test failed, and rgl will be installed without OpenGL support.

Some versions of RStudio (including 2024.04.2+764) have a bug that modifies your PATH on startup and again after every package installation, putting /usr/local/bin at the head of the PATH. If you are building rgl in such a system you need to remove files from /usr/local/bin if there’s a file with the same name in /opt/R/arm64/bin. Hopefully this bug will be fixed soon!

As of version 0.104.1, it is possible to build the package without OpenGL support on Unix-alikes (including macOS) with the configure option –disable-opengl For example,

R CMD INSTALL --configure-args="--disable-opengl" rgl_1.3.15.tar.gz 

On Windows, OpenGL support cannot currently be disabled.

library(rgl)
browseVignettes("rgl")
demo(rgl)

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