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Showing content from https://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19 below:

§4.19 Maclaurin Series and Laurent Series ‣ Trigonometric Functions ‣ Chapter 4 Elementary Functions

§4.19 Maclaurin Series and Laurent Series ⓘ
Keywords:
Laurent series, Maclaurin series, trigonometric functions
Notes:
See Hobson (1928, pp. 288–293, 360–367).
Referenced by:
§24.2(i)
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19
See also:
Annotations for Ch.4
4.19.1 sin ⁡ z = z − z3 3 ! + z5 5 ! − z7 7 ! + ⋯ , ⓘ
Symbols:
! : factorial (as in n ! ), sin ⁡ z : sine function and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.65
Referenced by:
§4.45(i)
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E1
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.2 cos ⁡ z = 1 − z2 2 ! + z4 4 ! − z6 6 ! + ⋯ . ⓘ
Symbols:
cos ⁡ z : cosine function, ! : factorial (as in n ! ) and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.66
Referenced by:
§4.45(i)
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E2
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4

In (4.19.3)–(4.19.9), B n are the Bernoulli numbers and E n are the Euler numbers (§§24.2(i)–24.2(ii)).

4.19.3 tan ⁡ z = z + z3 3 + 2 15 ⁢ z5 + 17 315 ⁢ z7 + ⋯ + ( − 1 ) n − 1 ⁢ 2 2 ⁢ n ⁢ ( 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 ) ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n − 1 + ⋯ , | z | < 1 2 ⁢ π , ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), tan ⁡ z : tangent function, n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.67
Referenced by:
§4.19
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E3
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.4 csc ⁡ z = 1 z + z 6 + 7 360 ⁢ z3 + 31 15120 ⁢ z5 + ⋯ + ( − 1 ) n − 1 ⁢ 2 ⁢ ( 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 − 1 ) ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n − 1 + ⋯ , 0 < | z | < π , ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, csc ⁡ z : cosecant function, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.68
Referenced by:
§4.33
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E4
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.5 sec ⁡ z = 1 + z2 2 + 5 24 ⁢ z4 + 61 720 ⁢ z6 + ⋯ + ( − 1 ) n ⁢ E 2 ⁢ n ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n + ⋯ , | z | < 1 2 ⁢ π , ⓘ
Symbols:
E n : Euler numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), sec ⁡ z : secant function, n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.69
Referenced by:
§24.1, §24.19(i), §24.2(ii)
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E5
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.6 cot ⁡ z = 1 z − z 3 − z3 45 − 2 945 ⁢ z5 − ⋯ − ( − 1 ) n − 1 ⁢ 2 2 ⁢ n ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n − 1 − ⋯ , 0 < | z | < π , ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, cot ⁡ z : cotangent function, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.70
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E6
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.7 ln ⁡ ( sin ⁡ z z ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n ⁢ 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n n ⁢ ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n , | z | < π , ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), ln ⁡ z : principal branch of logarithm function, sin ⁡ z : sine function, n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.71
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E7
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.8 ln ⁡ ( cos ⁡ z ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n ⁢ 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 ⁢ ( 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 ) ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n n ⁢ ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n , | z | < 1 2 ⁢ π , ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, cos ⁡ z : cosine function, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), ln ⁡ z : principal branch of logarithm function, n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.72
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E8
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4
4.19.9 ln ⁡ ( tan ⁡ z z ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − 1 ) n − 1 ⁢ 2 2 ⁢ n ⁢ ( 2 2 ⁢ n − 1 − 1 ) ⁢ B 2 ⁢ n n ⁢ ( 2 ⁢ n ) ! ⁢ z 2 ⁢ n , | z | < 1 2 ⁢ π . ⓘ
Symbols:
B n : Bernoulli numbers, π : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ! : factorial (as in n ! ), ln ⁡ z : principal branch of logarithm function, tan ⁡ z : tangent function, n : integer and z : complex variable
A&S Ref:
4.3.73
Referenced by:
§4.19, §4.33
Permalink:
http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.19.E9
Encodings:
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See also:
Annotations for §4.19 and Ch.4

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