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Read & write cell values | Google Sheets

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Spreadsheets can have multiple sheets, with each sheet having any number of rows or columns. A cell is a location at the intersection of a particular row and column, and might contain a data value. The Google Sheets API provides the spreadsheets.values resource to enable the reading and writing of values.

This page describes the basics of using the spreadsheets.values resource. If you need to insert rows or update the formatting and other properties in a sheet, you must use the spreadsheets.batchUpdate method described in Update spreadsheets.

The spreadsheets.values resource provides the following methods for reading and writing values, each for a specific task:

In general, it's a good idea to combine multiple reads or updates with the batchGet and batchUpdate methods (respectively), as this improves efficiency.

You can find examples of each of these methods on the Basic reading and Basic writing samples pages. To see all samples, refer to the samples overview page.

To read data values from a sheet, you need the spreadsheet ID and the A1 notation for the range. Specifying the range without the sheet ID (A1:B2) means that the request executes on the first sheet in the spreadsheet. For more information about spreadsheet IDs and A1 notation, see Google Sheets API Overview.

Several optional query parameters control the format of the output:

Note that you should only use dateTimeRenderOption if the valueRenderOption isn't FORMATTED_VALUE.

There's no explicit limit to the amount of data returned. Errors return no data. Empty trailing rows and columns are omitted.

The singular and batch get methods are described below. For samples of basic read operations, see Basic reading.

To read a single range of values from a spreadsheet, use a spreadsheets.values.get request:

The response to this request is returned as a ValueRange object.

To read multiple, discontinuous ranges of values from a spreadsheet, use a spreadsheets.values.batchGet request that lets you specify several ranges to retrieve:

The response to this request is returned as a BatchGetValuesResponse object that contains the spreadsheetId and a list of ValueRange objects.

To write to a sheet, you need the spreadsheet ID, the range of cells in A1 notation, and the data you wish to write within an appropriate request body object. For more information about spreadsheet IDs and A1 notation, see Google Sheets API Overview.

Updates require a valid ValueInputOption parameter. For singular updates, this is a required query parameter. For batch updates, this parameter is required in the request body. The ValueInputOption controls how input data should be interpreted and whether input strings are parsed or not, as described in the following table:

The singular and batch update methods are described below. For samples of basic write operations, see Basic writing.

To write data to a single range, use a spreadsheets.values.update request:

The body of the update request must be a ValueRange object, though the only required field is values. If range is specified, it must match the range in the URL. In the ValueRange, you can optionally specify its majorDimension. By default, ROWS is used. If COLUMNS is specified, each inner array is written to a column instead of a row.

When updating, values with no data are skipped. To clear data, use an empty string ("").

If you want to write multiple discontinuous ranges, you can use a spreadsheets.values.batchUpdate request:

The body of the batch update request must be a BatchUpdateValuesRequest object, which contains a ValueInputOption and a list of ValueRange objects (one for each written range). Each ValueRange object specifies its own range, majorDimension, and input data.

To append data after a table of data in a sheet, use a spreadsheets.values.append request:

The body of the update request must be a ValueRange object, though the only required field is values. If range is specified, it must match the range in the URL. In the ValueRange, you can optionally specify its majorDimension. By default, ROWS is used. If COLUMNS is specified, each inner array is written to a column instead of a row.

The input range is used to search for existing data and find a "table" within that range. Values are appended to the next row of the table, starting with the first column of the table. For example, consider Sheet1 that looks like:

There are 2 tables in the sheet: A1:C2, and B4:D6. Appended values would begin at B7 for all the following range inputs:

• Sheet1, because it will examine all the data in the sheet and determine that the table at B4:D6 is the last table.
• B4 or C5:D5, because they're both in the B4:D6 table.
• B2:D4, because the last table in the range is the B4:D6 table (despite it also containing the A1:C2 table).
• A3:G10, because the last table in the range is the B4:D6 table (despite starting before and ending after it).

The following range inputs wouldn't start writing at B7:

• A1 would start writing at A3, because that's in the A1:C2 table.
• E4 would start writing at E4, because it's not in any table. (A4 would also start writing at A4 for the same reasons.)

Additionally, you can choose if you want to overwrite existing data after a table or insert new rows for the new data. By default, the input overwrites data after the table. To write the new data into new rows, use the InsertDataOption and specify insertDataOption=INSERT_ROWS.

To learn more about cell and row limits in Sheets, see Files you can store in Google Drive.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-04 UTC.

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