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Distance Matrix API request and response | Distance Matrix API (Legacy)

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Introduction

A Distance Matrix API request takes the following form:

https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/outputFormat?parameters

where outputFormat may be either of the following values:

Note: URLs must be properly encoded to be valid and are limited to 16384 characters for all web services. Be aware of this limit when constructing your URLs. Note that different browsers, proxies, and servers may have different URL character limits as well.

Certain parameters are required while others are optional. As is standard in URLs, all parameters are separated using the ampersand (&) character. All reserved characters (for example the plus sign "+") must be URL-encoded. The list of parameters and their possible values are enumerated below.

Required parameters Optional parameters Request examples

This example uses latitude/longitude coordinates to specify the destination coordinates:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626
  &origins=40.6655101%2C-73.89188969999998
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=40.6655101%2C-73.89188969999998&destinations=40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

This example uses plus codes to specify the destination coordinates:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=San%20Francisco
  &origins=849VCWC8%2BR9
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=849VCWC8%2BR9&destinations=San%20Francisco&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

This example shows the same request using an encoded polyline:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=enc%3A_kjwFjtsbMt%60EgnKcqLcaOzkGari%40naPxhVg%7CJjjb%40cqLcaOzkGari%40naPxhV%3A
  &origins=40.6655101%2C-73.89188969999998
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=40.6655101%2C-73.89188969999998&destinations=enc%3A_kjwFjtsbMt%60EgnKcqLcaOzkGari%40naPxhVg%7CJjjb%40cqLcaOzkGari%40naPxhV%3A&key=YOUR_API_KEY'
Traffic information Caution: Requests using traffic information are billed at a higher rate. Learn more about how Distance Matrix API usage is billed.

Traffic information is used when all the following apply (these are the conditions required to receive the duration_in_traffic field in the Distance Matrix response):

Optionally, you can include the traffic_model parameter in your request to specify the assumptions to use when calculating time in traffic.

The following URL initiates a Distance Matrix request for driving distances between Boston, MA or Charlestown, MA, and Lexington, MA and Concord, MA. The request includes a departure time, meeting all the requirements to return the duration_in_traffic field in the Distance Matrix response.

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?departure_time=now
  &destinations=Lexington%2CMA%7CConcord%2CMA
  &origins=Boston%2CMA%7CCharlestown%2CMA
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=Boston%2CMA%7CCharlestown%2CMA&destinations=Lexington%2CMA%7CConcord%2CMA&departure_time=now&key=YOUR_API_KEY'
JSON
{
  "destination_addresses": ["Lexington, MA, USA", "Concord, MA, USA"],
  "origin_addresses": ["Boston, MA, USA", "Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA"],
  "rows":
    [
      {
        "elements":
          [
            {
              "distance": { "text": "33.3 km", "value": 33253 },
              "duration": { "text": "27 mins", "value": 1620 },
              "duration_in_traffic": { "text": "34 mins", "value": 2019 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
            {
              "distance": { "text": "41.5 km", "value": 41491 },
              "duration": { "text": "33 mins", "value": 1981 },
              "duration_in_traffic": { "text": "39 mins", "value": 2342 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
          ],
      },
      {
        "elements":
          [
            {
              "distance": { "text": "31.1 km", "value": 31100 },
              "duration": { "text": "26 mins", "value": 1543 },
              "duration_in_traffic": { "text": "29 mins", "value": 1754 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
            {
              "distance": { "text": "39.3 km", "value": 39338 },
              "duration": { "text": "32 mins", "value": 1904 },
              "duration_in_traffic": { "text": "35 mins", "value": 2077 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
          ],
      },
    ],
  "status": "OK",
}
XML
<DistanceMatrixResponse>
 <status>OK</status>
 <origin_address>Boston, MA, USA</origin_address>
 <origin_address>Charlestown, Boston, MA, USA</origin_address>
 <destination_address>Lexington, MA, USA</destination_address>
 <destination_address>Concord, MA, USA</destination_address>
 <row>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>1620</value>
    <text>27 mins</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>33253</value>
    <text>33.3 km</text>
   </distance>
   <duration_in_traffic>
    <value>2018</value>
    <text>34 mins</text>
   </duration_in_traffic>
  </element>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>1981</value>
    <text>33 mins</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>41491</value>
    <text>41.5 km</text>
   </distance>
   <duration_in_traffic>
    <value>2342</value>
    <text>39 mins</text>
   </duration_in_traffic>
  </element>
 </row>
 <row>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>1543</value>
    <text>26 mins</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>31100</value>
    <text>31.1 km</text>
   </distance>
   <duration_in_traffic>
    <value>1759</value>
    <text>29 mins</text>
   </duration_in_traffic>
  </element>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>1904</value>
    <text>32 mins</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>39338</value>
    <text>39.3 km</text>
   </distance>
   <duration_in_traffic>
    <value>2077</value>
    <text>35 mins</text>
   </duration_in_traffic>
  </element>
 </row>
</DistanceMatrixResponse>
Location Modifiers Caution: Requests using location modifiers are billed at a higher rate. Learn more about how Distance Matrix API usage is billed

You can use location modifiers to indicate how drivers should approach a particular location, by using the side_of_road modifier to specify which side of the road to use, or by specifying a heading to indicate the correct direction of travel.

Specify that calculated routes must pass through a particular side of the road

When specifying a location, you can request that the calculated route go through whichever side of the road the waypoint is biased towards by using the side_of_road: prefix. For example, this request will return the distance for a long route so that the vehicle ends on the side of the road to which the waypoint was biased:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=side_of_road%3A37.7663444%2C-122.4412006
  &origins=37.7680296%2C-122.4375126
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=37.7680296%2C-122.4375126&destinations=side_of_road%3A37.7663444%2C-122.4412006&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

When using side_of_road: with encoded polylines, the modifier is applied to every location along the polyline. For example, the two destinations in this request both use the parameter:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=side_of_road%3Aenc%3A%7BoqeF%60fejV%5BnC%3A
  &origins=San%20Francisco%20City%20hall
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=San%20Francisco%20City%20hall&destinations=side_of_road%3Aenc%3A%7BoqeF%60fejV%5BnC%3A&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

The side_of_road: modifier may only be used with this restriction:

Specify that calculated routes should have a particular heading

When specifying a location, you can request that the calculated route go through the location in a particular heading. This heading is specified with the prefix heading=X:, where X is an integer degree value between 0 (inclusive) and 360 (exclusive). A heading of 0 indicates North, 90 indicates East, continuing clockwise. For example, in this request the calculated route goes east from the origin, then takes a U-turn:

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=37.773245%2C-122.469502
  &origins=heading%3D90%3A37.773279%2C-122.468780
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=heading%3D90%3A37.773279%2C-122.468780&destinations=37.773245%2C-122.469502&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

The heading=X: modifier may only be used with these restrictions:

Distance Matrix request and responses

A sample HTTP request is shown below, requesting distance and duration from Vancouver, BC, Canada and from Seattle, WA, USA, to San Francisco, CA, USA and to Victoria, BC, Canada.

URL
https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json
  ?destinations=San%20Francisco%7CVictoria%20BC
  &language=fr-FR
  &mode=bicycling
  &origins=Vancouver%20BC%7CSeattle
  &key=YOUR_API_KEY
cURL
curl -L -X GET 'https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?origins=Vancouver%20BC%7CSeattle&destinations=San%20Francisco%7CVictoria%20BC&mode=bicycling&language=fr-FR&key=YOUR_API_KEY'

This request will return four elements - two origins times two destinations:

Vancouver to San Francisco Vancouver to Victoria Seattle to San Francisco Seattle to Victoria

Results are returned in rows, each row containing one origin paired with each destination.

JSON
{
  "destination_addresses":
    ["San Francisco, Californie, États-Unis", "Victoria, BC, Canada"],
  "origin_addresses":
    ["Vancouver, BC, Canada", "Seattle, Washington, États-Unis"],
  "rows":
    [
      {
        "elements":
          [
            {
              "distance": { "text": "1 712 km", "value": 1711765 },
              "duration": { "text": "3 jours 16 heures", "value": 318119 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
            {
              "distance": { "text": "140 km", "value": 139695 },
              "duration": { "text": "6 heures 49 minutes", "value": 24567 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
          ],
      },
      {
        "elements":
          [
            {
              "distance": { "text": "1 452 km", "value": 1451704 },
              "duration": { "text": "3 jours 2 heures", "value": 266680 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
            {
              "distance": { "text": "146 km", "value": 146500 },
              "duration": { "text": "2 heures 53 minutes", "value": 10374 },
              "status": "OK",
            },
          ],
      },
    ],
  "status": "OK",
}
XML
<DistanceMatrixResponse>
 <status>OK</status>
 <origin_address>Vancouver, BC, Canada</origin_address>
 <origin_address>Seattle, Washington, États-Unis</origin_address>
 <destination_address>San Francisco, Californie, États-Unis</destination_address>
 <destination_address>Victoria, BC, Canada</destination_address>
 <row>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>318119</value>
    <text>3 jours 16 heures</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>1711765</value>
    <text>1712 km</text>
   </distance>
  </element>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>24567</value>
    <text>6 heures 49 minutes</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>139695</value>
    <text>140 km</text>
   </distance>
  </element>
 </row>
 <row>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>266680</value>
    <text>3 jours 2 heures</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>1451704</value>
    <text>1452 km</text>
   </distance>
  </element>
  <element>
   <status>OK</status>
   <duration>
    <value>10374</value>
    <text>2 heures 53 minutes</text>
   </duration>
   <distance>
    <value>146500</value>
    <text>146 km</text>
   </distance>
  </element>
 </row>
</DistanceMatrixResponse>
Note: The remainder of this documentation will use JSON syntax. DistanceMatrixResponse Field Required Type Description destination_addresses required Array<string>

An array of addresses as returned by the API from your original request. As with origin_addresses, these are localized if appropriate. This content is meant to be read as-is. Do not programatically parse the formatted addresses.

origin_addresses required Array<string>

An array of addresses as returned by the API from your original request. These are formatted by the geocoder and localized according to the language parameter passed with the request. This content is meant to be read as-is. Do not programatically parse the formatted addresses.

rows required Array<DistanceMatrixRow>

An array of elements, which in turn each contain a status, duration, and distance element.

See DistanceMatrixRow for more information.

status required DistanceMatrixStatus

Contains the status of the request, and may contain debugging information to help you track down why the request failed.

See DistanceMatrixStatus for more information.

error_message optional string

A string containing the human-readable text of any errors encountered while the request was being processed.

DistanceMatrixStatus

Status codes returned by service.

DistanceMatrixRow Field Required Type Description elements required Array<DistanceMatrixElement>

When the Distance Matrix API returns results, it places them within a JSON rows array. Even if no results are returned (such as when the origins and/or destinations don't exist), it still returns an empty array.

Rows are ordered according to the values in the origin parameter of the request. Each row corresponds to an origin, and each element within that row corresponds to a pairing of the origin with a destination value.

Each row array contains one or more element entries, which in turn contain the information about a single origin-destination pairing.

See DistanceMatrixElement for more information.

DistanceMatrixElement Field Required Type Description status required DistanceMatrixElementStatus

A status for the element.

See DistanceMatrixElementStatus for more information.

distance optional TextValueObject

The total distance of this route, expressed in meters (value) and as text. The textual value uses the unit system specified with the unit parameter of the original request, or the origin's region.

See TextValueObject for more information.

duration optional TextValueObject

The length of time it takes to travel this route, expressed in seconds (the value field) and as text. The textual representation is localized according to the query's language parameter.

See TextValueObject for more information.

duration_in_traffic optional TextValueObject

The length of time it takes to travel this route, based on current and historical traffic conditions. See the traffic_model request parameter for the options you can use to request that the returned value is optimistic, pessimistic, or a best-guess estimate. The duration is expressed in seconds (the value field) and as text. The textual representation is localized according to the query's language parameter. The duration in traffic is returned only if all of the following are true:

See TextValueObject for more information.

fare optional Fare

If present, contains the total fare (that is, the total ticket costs) on this route. This property is only returned for transit requests and only for transit providers where fare information is available.

See Fare for more information.

Fare

The total fare for the route.

{
  "currency" : "USD",
  "value" : 6,
  "text" : "$6.00"
}
Field Required Type Description currency required string

An ISO 4217 currency code indicating the currency that the amount is expressed in.

text required string

The total fare amount, formatted in the requested language.

value required number

The total fare amount, in the currency specified.

DistanceMatrixElementStatus TextValueObject

An object containing a numeric value and its formatted text representation.

Field Required Type Description text required string

String value.

value required number

Numeric value.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC."],[[["The Google Maps Distance Matrix API calculates travel distance and time between multiple origins and destinations."],["Requests require `origins` and `destinations`, with optional parameters for customizing the results (e.g., `mode`, `avoid`, `language`)."],["The API returns results in JSON or XML format, including distances, durations, and status codes for each origin-destination pair."],["Consider URL length limits, proper encoding, and the use of place IDs for optimal results."],["Departure time and traffic models can be incorporated to provide real-time travel estimates, but incur higher billing costs."]]],["The Distance Matrix API calculates travel time and distance between multiple origins and destinations. Requests use a base URL with parameters specifying locations via addresses, coordinates, place IDs, or encoded polylines. Required parameters include `origins` and `destinations`. Optional parameters like `mode` (driving, walking, etc.), `departure_time`, `arrival_time`, `avoid`, `traffic_model`, and `language` adjust route calculations. Responses, in JSON or XML, are organized in `rows` and `elements`, containing `distance`, `duration`, and `status` data. Location modifiers (`side_of_road`, `heading`) are available. Transit requests provide fare information.\n"]]


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