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Supported protocol buffer and Arrow data typesThis document describes the supported protocol buffer and Arrow data types for each respective BigQuery data type. Before reading this document, read Overview of the BigQuery Storage Write API.
Supported protocol buffer data typesThe following table shows the supported data types in protocol buffers and the corresponding input format in BigQuery:
BigQuery data type Supported protocol buffer typesBOOL bool, int32, int64, uint32, uint64, google.protobuf.BoolValue BYTES bytes, string, google.protobuf.BytesValue DATE int32 (preferred), int64, string
The value is the number of days since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01). The valid range is -719162 (0001-01-01) to 2932896 (9999-12-31).
DATETIME, TIME string
The value must be a DATETIME or TIME literal.
int64
Use the CivilTimeEncoder class to perform the conversion.
FLOAT double, float, google.protobuf.DoubleValue, google.protobuf.FloatValue GEOGRAPHY string
The value is a geometry in either WKT or GeoJson format.
INTEGER int32, int64, uint32, enum, google.protobuf.Int32Value, google.protobuf.Int64Value, google.protobuf.UInt32Value JSON string NUMERIC, BIGNUMERIC int32, int64, uint32, uint64, double, float, string bytes, google.protobuf.BytesValue
Use the BigDecimalByteStringEncoder class to perform the conversion.
STRING string, enum, google.protobuf.StringValue TIME string
The value must be a TIME literal.
TIMESTAMP int64 (preferred), int32, uint32, google.protobuf.Timestamp
The value is given in microseconds since the Unix epoch (1970-01-01).
INTERVAL string, google.protobuf.Duration
The string value must be an INTERVAL literal.
RANGE<T> message
A nested message type in the proto with two fields, start and end, where both fields must be of the same supported protocol buffer type that corresponds to a BigQuery data type T. T must be one of DATE, DATETIME, or TIMESTAMP. If a field (start or end) is not set in the proto message, it represents an unbounded boundary. In the following example, f_range_date represents a RANGE column in a table. Since the end field is not set in the proto message, the end boundary of this range is unbounded.
{
f_range_date: {
start: 1
}
}REPEATED FIELD array
An array type in the proto corresponds to a repeated field in BigQuery.
RECORD message
A nested message type in the proto corresponds to a record field in BigQuery.
Supported Apache Arrow data typesPreview
This product or feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of the Service Specific Terms. Pre-GA products and features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see the launch stage descriptions.
Note: To get support or provide feedback for this preview feature, contact bq-write-api-feedback@google.com.The following table shows the supported data types in Apache Arrow and the corresponding input format in BigQuery.
BigQuery data type Supported Apache Arrow types Supported type parametersBOOL Boolean BYTES Binary DATE Date unit = Day String, int32 DATETIME Timestamp unit = MICROSECONDS
timezone is empty
FLOAT FloatingPoint Precision in {SINGLE, DOUBLE} GEOGRAPHY Utf8
The value is a geometry in either WKT or GeoJson format.
INTEGER int bitWidth in {8, 16, 32, 64}
is_signed = false
JSON Utf8 NUMERIC Decimal128 You can provide a NUMERIC that has any precision or scale that's smaller than the BigQuery supported range. BIGNUMERIC Decimal256 You can provide a BIGNUMERIC that has any precision or scale that's smaller than the BigQuery supported range. STRING Utf8 TIMESTAMP Timestamp unit= MICROSECONDS
timezone = UTC
INTERVAL Interval unit in {YEAR_MONTH, DAY_TIME, MONTH_DAY_NANO} Utf8 RANGE<T> Struct
The Arrow Struct must have two subfields named start and end.
For the RANGE<DATE> column, the fields must be Arrow type Date with unit=Day.
For the RANGE<DATETIME> column, the fields must be the Arrow type Timestamp with unit=MICROSECONDS, without the timezone.
For the RANGE<TIMESTAMP>, the fields must be the Arrow type Timestamp with unit=MICROSECONDS, timezone=UTC.
A NULL value in any of the start and end fields will be treated as UNBOUNDED.
REPEATED FIELD List A NULL value must be represented by an empty list. RECORD Struct
Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.
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