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Introduction to labels | BigQuery

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To help organize your BigQuery resources, you can add labels to your datasets, tables, reservations, and views. Labels are key-value pairs that you can attach to a resource. When you create BigQuery resources, labels are optional.

After labeling your resources, you can search for them based on label values. For example, you can use labels to group datasets by purpose, environment, department, and so on.

A label is a key-value pair that you can assign to Google Cloud BigQuery resources. They help you organize these resources and manage your costs at scale, with the granularity you need. You can attach a label to each resource, then filter the resources based on their labels. Information about labels is forwarded to the billing system that lets you break down your billed charges by label. With built-in billing reports, you can filter and group costs by resource labels. You can also use labels to query billing data exports.

The labels applied to a resource must meet the following requirements:

• Each resource can have up to 64 labels.
• Each label must be a key-value pair.
• Keys have a minimum length of 1 character and a maximum length of 63 characters, and cannot be empty. Values can be empty, and have a maximum length of 63 characters.
• Keys and values can contain only lowercase letters, numeric characters, underscores, and dashes. All characters must use UTF-8 encoding, and international characters are allowed. Keys must start with a lowercase letter or international character.
• The key portion of a label must be unique within a single resource. However, you can use the same key with multiple resources.

These limits apply to the key and value for each label, and to the individual Google Cloud resources that have labels. There is no limit on how many labels you can apply across all resources within a project.

Here are some common use cases for labels:

• Team or cost center labels: Add labels based on team or cost center to distinguish BigQuery resources owned by different teams (for example, team:research and team:analytics). You can use this type of label for cost accounting or budgeting.

• Component labels: For example, component:redis, component:frontend, component:ingest, and component:dashboard.

• Environment or stage labels: For example, environment:production and environment:test.

• State labels: For example, state:active, state:readytodelete, and state:archive.

• Ownership labels: Used to identify the teams that are responsible for operations, for example: team:shopping-cart.

We don't recommend creating large numbers of unique labels, such as for timestamps or individual values for every API call. The problem with this approach is that when the values change frequently or with keys that clutter the catalog, this makes it difficult to effectively filter and report on resources.

Labels can be used as queryable annotations for resources, but can't be used to set conditions on policies. Tags provide a way to conditionally allow or deny policies based on whether a resource has a specific tag, by providing fine-grained control over policies. For more information, see the Tags overview.

• Learn how to add labels to BigQuery resources.
• Learn how to view labels on BigQuery resources.
• Learn how to update labels on BigQuery resources.
• Learn how to filter resources using labels.
• Learn how to delete labels on BigQuery resources.
• Read about Using labels in the Resource Manager documentation.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

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