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Showing content from https://developers.google.com/apps-script/understanding_events below:

Event Objects | Apps Script

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Simple triggers and installable triggers let Apps Script run a function automatically if a certain event occurs. When a trigger fires, Apps Script passes the function an event object as an argument, typically called e. The event object contains information about the context that caused the trigger to fire. For example, the sample code below shows a simple onEdit(e) trigger for a Google Sheets script that uses the event object to determine which cell was edited.

function onEdit(e){
  // Set a comment on the edited cell to indicate when it was changed.
  var range = e.range;
  range.setNote('Last modified: ' + new Date());
}

This page details the fields in the event object for different types of triggers.

Events produced by installable triggers contain a triggerUid identifying the trigger that produced the event. This is helpful for scripts that have multiple installable triggers. Google Sheets events

The various Google Sheets-specific triggers let scripts respond to a user's actions in a spreadsheet.

Change (installable) authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

FULL

changeType

The type of change (EDIT, INSERT_ROW, INSERT_COLUMN, REMOVE_ROW, REMOVE_COLUMN, INSERT_GRID, REMOVE_GRID, FORMAT, or OTHER).

INSERT_ROW

source

A Spreadsheet object, representing the Google Sheets file to which the script is bound.

Spreadsheet

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event.

4034124084959907503

user

A User object, representing the active user, if available (depending on a complex set of security restrictions).

amin@example.com

Edit (simple and installable) authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

LIMITED

oldValue

Cell value prior to the edit, if any. Only available if the edited range is a single cell. Will be undefined if the cell had no previous content.

range

A Range object, representing the cell or range of cells that were edited.

Range

source

A Spreadsheet object, representing the Google Sheets file to which the script is bound.

Spreadsheet

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event (installable triggers only).

4034124084959907503

user

A User object, representing the active user, if available (depending on a complex set of security restrictions).

amin@example.com

value

New cell value after the edit. Only available if the edited range is a single cell.

Form submit (installable) Caution: Make sure you use this form submit trigger with SpreadsheetTriggerBuilder. authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

FULL

namedValues

An object containing the question names and values from the form submission.

{
  'First Name': ['Jane'],
  'Timestamp': ['6/7/2015 20:54:13'],
  'Last Name': ['Doe']
}

range

A Range object, representing the cell or range of cells that were edited.

Range

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event.

4034124084959907503

values

Array with values in the same order as they appear in the spreadsheet.

['2015/05/04 15:00', 'amin@example.com', 'Bob', '27', 'Bill',
'28', 'Susan', '25']

Google Docs events

Triggers allow Google Docs to respond when a user opens a document.

Google Slides events

Triggers allow Google Slides to respond when a user opens a presentation.

Google Forms events

The Google Forms-specific triggers let scripts respond when a user edits a form or submits a response.

* This event does not occur when a user opens a form to respond, but rather when an editor opens the form to modify it.

Form submit (installable) Caution: Make sure you use this form submit trigger with FormTriggerBuilder. authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

FULL

response

A FormResponse object, representing the user's response to the form as a whole.

FormResponse

source

A Form object, representing the Google Forms file to which the script is bound.

Form

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event.

4034124084959907503

Google Calendar events

Calendar triggers fire when a user's calendar events are updated (created, edited, or deleted).

These triggers do not tell you which event changed or how it changed. Instead, they indicate that your code needs to do an incremental sync operation to pick up recent changes to the calendar. For a full description of this procedure, see the Synchronizing resources guide for the Calendar API.

To synchronize with Calendar in Apps Script, perform the following steps:

Enable the Calendar advanced service for the script project. The built-in Calendar service isn't sufficient for this workflow.
Determine what calendars should be synchronized. For each such calendar, perform an initial sync operation using the Calendar advanced service's Events.list() method.
The result of the initial sync returns a nextSyncToken for that calendar. Store this token for later use.
When the Apps Script EventUpdated trigger fires indicating a calendar event change, perform an incremental sync for the affected calendar using the stored nextSyncToken. This is essentially another Events.list() request, but providing the nextSyncToken limits the response to only events that have changed since the last sync.
Examine the response of the sync to learn what events were updated and have your code respond appropriately. For example, you can log the change, update a spreadsheet, send email notices, or take other actions.
Update the nextSyncToken you stored for that calendar with the one returned by the incremental sync request. This forces the next sync operation to only return the most current changes.

Caution: Occasionally sync tokens are invalidated by the server, resulting in a 410 error. When this happens, your code should conduct a full sync and replace all the stored synced data and tokens you have for that calendar. EventUpdated (installable) authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

FULL

calendarId

The string ID of the calendar where the event update occurred.

susan@example.com

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event.

4034124084959907503

Google Workspace add-on events

The onInstall() trigger runs automatically when a user installs an add-on.

Google Chat app events

To learn about event objects in Google Chat, see Receive and respond to interactions with your Google Chat app.

Time-driven events

Time-driven triggers (also called clock triggers) let scripts execute at a particular time or on a recurring interval.

Time-driven (installable) authMode

A value from the ScriptApp.AuthMode enum.

FULL

day-of-month

Between 1 and 31.

Because this property name contains dashes it must be accessed via e['day-of-month'] rather than dot notation.

day-of-week

Between 1 (Monday) and 7 (Sunday).

Because this property name contains dashes it must be accessed via e['day-of-week'] rather than dot notation.

hour

Between 0 and 23.

minute

Between 0 and 59.

month

Between 1 and 12.

second

Between 0 and 59.

timezone

The time zone.

UTC

triggerUid

ID of trigger that produced this event.

4034124084959907503

week-of-year

Between 1 and 52.

Because this property name contains dashes it must be accessed via e['week-of-year'] rather than dot notation.

year

The year.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-04 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-04 UTC."],[[["Apps Script uses simple and installable triggers to automatically run functions when specific events occur, passing an event object with contextual information to the function."],["The event object's fields vary depending on the type of trigger, such as Google Sheets, Docs, Slides, Forms, Calendar, or time-driven events, providing details about the change or action that initiated the trigger."],["Google Sheets triggers enable scripts to react to user actions, including opening, editing, changing cells, and form submissions, providing information about the modified cells, old and new values, and the user involved."],["Installable triggers for Google Calendar events require synchronization with the Calendar API to handle event updates, involving initial and incremental sync operations using sync tokens."],["Time-driven triggers allow scripts to execute at specific times or intervals, offering control over execution frequency based on various time units like hours, minutes, days, weeks, months, and years."]]],[]]

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