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Class Utilities | Apps Script

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This service provides utilities for string encoding/decoding, date formatting, JSON manipulation, and other miscellaneous tasks.

Decodes a base-64 encoded string into a UTF-8 byte array.

// This is the base64 encoded form of "Google グループ"
const base64data = 'R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq+ODvOODlw==';

// This logs:
//     [71, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 32, -29, -126, -80,
//      -29, -125, -85, -29, -125, -68, -29, -125, -105]
const decoded = Utilities.base64Decode(base64data);
Logger.log(decoded);

// If you want a String instead of a byte array:
// This logs the original "Google グループ"
Logger.log(Utilities.newBlob(decoded).getDataAsString());

Byte[] — The raw data represented by the base-64 encoded argument as a byte array.

Decodes a base-64 encoded string into a byte array in a specific character set.

// This is the base64 encoded form of "Google グループ"
const base64data = 'R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq+ODvOODlw==';

const decoded = Utilities.base64Decode(base64data, Utilities.Charset.UTF_8);

// This logs:
//     [71, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 32, -29, -126, -80,
//      -29, -125, -85, -29, -125, -68, -29, -125, -105]
Logger.log(decoded);

// If you want a String instead of a byte array:
// This logs the original "Google グループ"
Logger.log(Utilities.newBlob(decoded).getDataAsString());

Byte[] — The raw data represented by the base-64 encoded argument as a byte array.

Decodes a base-64 web-safe encoded string into a UTF-8 byte array.

// This is the base64 web-safe encoded form of "Google グループ"
const base64data = 'R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq-ODvOODlw==';

const decoded = Utilities.base64DecodeWebSafe(base64data);

// This logs:
//     [71, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 32, -29, -126, -80,
//      -29, -125, -85, -29, -125, -68, -29, -125, -105]
Logger.log(decoded);

// If you want a String instead of a byte array:
// This logs the original "Google グループ"
Logger.log(Utilities.newBlob(decoded).getDataAsString());

Byte[] — The raw data represented by the base-64 web-safe encoded argument as a byte array.

Decodes a base-64 web-safe encoded string into a byte array in a specific character set.

// This is the base64 web-safe encoded form of "Google グループ"
const base64data = 'R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq-ODvOODlw==';

const decoded = Utilities.base64DecodeWebSafe(
    base64data,
    Utilities.Charset.UTF_8,
);

// This logs:
//     [71, 111, 111, 103, 108, 101, 32, -29, -126, -80,
//      -29, -125, -85, -29, -125, -68, -29, -125, -105]
Logger.log(decoded);

// If you want a String instead of a byte array:
// This logs the original "Google グループ"
Logger.log(Utilities.newBlob(decoded).getDataAsString());

Byte[] — The raw data represented by the base-64 web-safe encoded argument as a byte array.

Generates a base-64 encoded string from the given byte array. Base 64 is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// Instantiates a blob here for clarity
const blob = Utilities.newBlob('A string here');

// Writes 'QSBzdHJpbmcgaGVyZQ==' to the log.
const encoded = Utilities.base64Encode(blob.getBytes());
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 encoded representation of the passed in data.

Generates a base-64 encoded string from the given string. Base 64 is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// Writes 'QSBzdHJpbmcgaGVyZQ==' to the log.
const encoded = Utilities.base64Encode('A string here');
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 encoded representation of the input string.

Generates a base-64 encoded string from the given string in a specific character set. A Charset is a way of encoding characters such that they can be encoded. These are typically done in a binary format, which can generally be incompatible with certain data transmission protocols. To make the data compatible, they are generally encoded into base 64, which is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// "Google Groups" in Katakana (Japanese)
const input = 'Google グループ';

// Writes "R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq+ODvOODlw==" to the log
const encoded = Utilities.base64Encode(input, Utilities.Charset.UTF_8);
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 encoded representation of the input string with the given Charset.

Generates a base-64 web-safe encoded string from the given byte array. Base 64 is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 web-safe is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// Instantiates a blob here for clarity
const blob = Utilities.newBlob('A string here');

// Writes 'QSBzdHJpbmcgaGVyZQ==' to the log.
const encoded = Utilities.base64EncodeWebSafe(blob.getBytes());
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 web-safe encoded representation of the passed in data.

Generates a base-64 web-safe encoded string from the given string. Base 64 is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 web-safe is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// Writes 'QSBzdHJpbmcgaGVyZQ==' to the log.
const encoded = Utilities.base64EncodeWebSafe('A string here');
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 web-safe encoded representation of the input string.

Generates a base-64 web-safe encoded string from the given string in a specific character set. A Charset is a way of encoding characters such that they can be encoded. These are typically done in a binary format, which can generally be incompatible with certain data transmission protocols. To make the data compatible, they are generally encoded into base 64, which is a common encoding accepted by a variety of tools that cannot accept binary data. Base 64 web-safe is commonly used in internet protocols such as email, HTTP, or in XML documents.

// "Google Groups" in Katakana (Japanese)
const input = 'Google グループ';

// Writes "R29vZ2xlIOOCsOODq-ODvOODlw==" to the log
const encoded = Utilities.base64EncodeWebSafe(input, Utilities.Charset.UTF_8);
Logger.log(encoded);

String — The base-64 web-safe encoded representation of the input string with the given Charset.

Compute a digest using the specified algorithm on the specified Byte[] value.

const input = Utilities.base64Decode(
    'aW5wdXQgdG8gaGFzaA0K');  // == base64encode("input to hash")
const digest = Utilities.computeDigest(Utilities.DigestAlgorithm.MD5, input);
Logger.log(digest);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output digest.

Compute a digest using the specified algorithm on the specified String value.

const digest = Utilities.computeDigest(
    Utilities.DigestAlgorithm.MD5,
    'input to hash',
);
Logger.log(digest);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output digest.

Compute a digest using the specified algorithm on the specified String value with the given character set.

const digest = Utilities.computeDigest(
    Utilities.DigestAlgorithm.MD5,
    'input to hash',
    Utilities.Charset.US_ASCII,
);
Logger.log(digest);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output digest.

Signs the provided value using HMAC-SHA256 with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const input = Utilities.base64Decode(
    'aW5wdXQgdG8gaGFzaA0K');                 // == base64encode("input to hash")
const key = Utilities.base64Decode('a2V5');  // == base64encode("key")
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSha256Signature(input, key);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using HMAC-SHA256 with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSha256Signature(
    'this is my input',
    'my key - use a stronger one',
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using HMAC-SHA256 with the given key and character set.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSha256Signature(
    'this is my input',
    'my key - use a stronger one',
    Utilities.Charset.US_ASCII,
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Compute a message authentication code using the specified algorithm on the specified key and value.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const input = Utilities.base64Decode(
    'aW5wdXQgdG8gaGFzaA0K');                 // == base64encode("input to hash")
const key = Utilities.base64Decode('a2V5');  // == base64encode("key")
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSignature(
    Utilities.MacAlgorithm.HMAC_MD5,
    input,
    key,
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Compute a message authentication code using the specified algorithm on the specified key and value.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSignature(
    Utilities.MacAlgorithm.HMAC_MD5,
    'input to hash',
    'key',
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Compute a message authentication code using the specified algorithm on the specified key and value.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeHmacSignature(
    Utilities.MacAlgorithm.HMAC_MD5,
    'input to hash',
    'key',
    Utilities.Charset.US_ASCII,
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using RSA-SHA1 with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSha1Signature(
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using RSA-SHA1 with the given key and charset.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSha1Signature(
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
    Utilities.Charset.US_ASCII,
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using RSA-SHA256 with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSha256Signature(
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using RSA-SHA256 with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSha256Signature(
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using the specified RSA algorithm with the given key.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSignature(
    Utilities.RsaAlgorithm.RSA_SHA_256,
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Signs the provided value using the specified RSA algorithm with the given key and charset.

// This writes an array of bytes to the log.
const signature = Utilities.computeRsaSignature(
    Utilities.RsaAlgorithm.RSA_SHA_256,
    'this is my input',
    PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY'),
    Utilities.Charset.US_ASCII,
);
Logger.log(signature);

Byte[] — A byte[] representing the output signature.

Formats date according to specification described in Java SE SimpleDateFormat class. Please visit the specification at http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/text/SimpleDateFormat.html

// This formats the date as Greenwich Mean Time in the format
// year-month-dateThour-minute-second.
const formattedDate = Utilities.formatDate(
    new Date(),
    'GMT',
    'yyyy-MM-dd\'T\'HH:mm:ss\'Z\'',
);
Logger.log(formattedDate);

String — The input date as a formatted string.

Performs sprintf-like string formatting using '%'-style format strings.

// " 123.456000"
Utilities.formatString('%11.6f', 123.456);

// "   abc"
Utilities.formatString('%6s', 'abc');

String — The formatted string.

Get a UUID as a string (equivalent to using the java.util.UUID.randomUUID() method). This identifier is not guaranteed to be unique across all time and space. As such, do not use in situations where guaranteed uniqueness is required.

// This assigns a UUID as a temporary ID for a data object you are creating in
// your script.
const myDataObject = {
  tempId: Utilities.getUuid(),
};

String — A string representation of the UUID.

gzip-compresses the provided Blob data and returns it in a new Blob object.

const textBlob = Utilities.newBlob(
    'Some text to compress using gzip compression',
);

// Create the compressed blob.
const gzipBlob = Utilities.gzip(textBlob);

Blob — A new Blob containing the compressed data.

gzip-compresses the provided Blob data and returns it in a new Blob object. This version of the method allows a filename to be specified.

const textBlob = Utilities.newBlob(
    'Some text to compress using gzip compression',
);

// Create the compressed blob.
const gzipBlob = Utilities.gzip(textBlob, 'text.gz');

Blob — A new Blob containing the compressed data.

Create a new Blob object from a byte array. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Creates a blob object from a byte array.
const data = [71, 79, 79, 71, 76, 69];
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data);

// Logs the blob data as a string to the console.
console.log(blob.getDataAsString());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Create a new Blob object from a byte array and content type. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Declares a byte array.
const data = [71, 79, 79, 71, 76, 69];

// Declares the content type of the blob.
const contentType = 'application/json';

// Creates a blob object from the byte array and content type.
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, contentType);

// Logs the blob data as a string to the console.
console.log(blob.getDataAsString());

// Logs the content type of the blob to the console.
console.log(blob.getContentType());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Create a new Blob object from a byte array, content type, and name. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Declares a byte array.
const data = [71, 79, 79, 71, 76, 69];

// Declares the content type of the blob.
const contentType = 'application/json';

// Declares the name of the blob.
const name = 'Example blob';

// Creates a blob object from the byte array, content type, and name.
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, contentType, name);

// Logs the blob data as a string to the console.
console.log('Blob data:', blob.getDataAsString());

// Logs the content type of the blob to the console.
console.log('Blob content type:', blob.getContentType());

// Logs the name of the blob to the console.
console.log('Blob name:', blob.getName());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Create a new Blob object from a string. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Declares a string for the blob.
const data = 'GOOGLE';

// Creates a blob object from a string.
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data);

// Logs the blob data in byte array to the console.
console.log('Blob Data:', blob.getBytes());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Create a new Blob object from a string and content type. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Declares a string for the blob.
const data = 'GOOGLE';

// Declares the content type of blob.
const contentType = 'application/json';

// Creates a blob object from the string and content type.
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, contentType);

// Logs the blob data in byte array to the console.
console.log('Blob data:', blob.getBytes());

// Logs the content type of the blob to the console.
console.log(blob.getContentType());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Create a new Blob object from a string, content type, and name. Blobs are used in many Apps Script APIs that take binary data as input.

// Declares a string for the blob.
const data = 'GOOGLE';

// Declares the content type of the blob.
const contentType = 'application/json';

// Declares the name of the blob.
const name = 'Example blob';

// Create a blob object from the string, content type, and name.
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data, contentType, name);

// Logs the blob data in byte array to the console.
console.log('Blob data:', blob.getBytes());

// Logs the content type of the blob to the console.
console.log('Blob content type:', blob.getContentType());

// Logs the name of the blob to the console.
console.log('Blob name:', blob.getName());

Blob — The newly created Blob.

Returns a tabular 2D array representation of a CSV string.

// This creates a two-dimensional array of the format [[a, b, c], [d, e, f]]
const csvString = 'a,b,c\nd,e,f';
const data = Utilities.parseCsv(csvString);

String[][] — A two-dimensional array containing the values in the CSV string.

Returns a tabular 2D array representation of a CSV string using a custom delimiter.

// This creates a two-dimensional array of the format [[a, b, c], [d, e, f]]
const csvString = 'a\tb\tc\nd\te\tf';
const data = Utilities.parseCsv(csvString, '\t');

String[][] — A two-dimensional array containing the values in the CSV string.

Parses the provided string date according to the specification described in the Java Standard Edition SimpleDateFormat class. For more information, see the Java SimpleDateFormat class.

// This set of parameters parses the given string as a date in Greenwich Mean
// Time, formatted as year-month-dateThour-minute-second.
const date = Utilities.parseDate(
    '1970-01-01 00:00:00',
    'GMT',
    'yyyy-MM-dd\' \'HH:mm:ss',
);
Logger.log(date);

Date — The input string as a date.

Sleeps for specified number of milliseconds. Immediately puts the script to sleep for the specified number of milliseconds. The maximum allowed value is 300000 (or 5 minutes).

// Creates a blob object from a string.
const data = 'GOOGLE';
const blob = Utilities.newBlob(data);

// Puts the script to sleep for 10,000 milliseconds (10 seconds).
Utilities.sleep(10000);

// Logs the blob data in byte array to the console.
console.log(blob.getBytes());

Uncompresses a Blob object and returns a Blob containing the uncompressed data.

const textBlob = Utilities.newBlob(
    'Some text to compress using gzip compression',
);

// Create the compressed blob.
const gzipBlob = Utilities.gzip(textBlob, 'text.gz');

// Uncompress the data.
const uncompressedBlob = Utilities.ungzip(gzipBlob);

Blob — A Blob representing the decompressed data.

Takes a Blob representing a zip file and returns its component files.

const googleFavIconUrl = 'https://www.google.com/favicon.ico';
const googleLogoUrl = 'https://www.google.com/images/srpr/logo3w.png';

// Fetch the Google favicon.ico file and get the Blob data
const faviconBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleFavIconUrl).getBlob();
const logoBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleLogoUrl).getBlob();

// zip now references a blob containing an archive of both faviconBlob and
// logoBlob
const zip = Utilities.zip([faviconBlob, logoBlob], 'google_images.zip');

// This now unzips the blobs
const files = Utilities.unzip(zip);

Blob[] — A Blob[] representing the component blobs, each named with the full path inside the zip.

Creates a new Blob object that is a zip file containing the data from the Blobs passed in.

const googleFavIconUrl = 'https://www.google.com/favicon.ico';
const googleLogoUrl = 'https://www.google.com/images/srpr/logo3w.png';

// Fetch the Google favicon.ico file and get the Blob data
const faviconBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleFavIconUrl).getBlob();
const logoBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleLogoUrl).getBlob();

// zip now references a blob containing an archive of both faviconBlob and
// logoBlob
const zip = Utilities.zip([faviconBlob, logoBlob]);

Blob — A new blob containing the inputs as an archive.

Creates a new Blob object that is a zip file containing the data from the Blobs passed in. This version of the method allows a filename to be specified.

const googleFavIconUrl = 'https://www.google.com/favicon.ico';
const googleLogoUrl = 'https://www.google.com/images/srpr/logo3w.png';

// Fetch the Google favicon.ico file and get the Blob data
const faviconBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleFavIconUrl).getBlob();
const logoBlob = UrlFetchApp.fetch(googleLogoUrl).getBlob();

// zip now references a blob containing an archive of both faviconBlob and
// logoBlob
const zip = Utilities.zip([faviconBlob, logoBlob], 'google_images.zip');

Blob — A new blob containing the inputs as an archive.

Deprecated. As of November 2013, replaced by JSON.parse()

Return an object corresponding to the JSON string passed in.

// Returns the object { name: "John Smith", company: "Virginia Company"}
const obj = Utilities.jsonParse(
    '{"name":"John Smith","company":"Virginia Company"}',
);

Object — A JavaScript object representation of the input.

Deprecated. As of November 2013, replaced by JSON.stringify()

Return a JSON string of the object passed in.

// Logs: {"name":"John Smith","company":"Virginia Company"}
const person = {
  name: 'John Smith',
  company: 'Virginia Company',
};
const json = Utilities.jsonStringify(person);
Logger.log(json);

String — a JSON serialized JavaScript object

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-08 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Missing the information I need","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Too complicated / too many steps","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Out of date","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Samples / code issue","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-08 UTC."],[[["The `Utilities` service in Apps Script provides a collection of functions for handling various tasks, including encoding/decoding, date/time formatting, and JSON operations."],["It offers functionalities for computing digests and signatures, manipulating blobs (binary data), and generating UUIDs."],["Includes methods for Base64 encoding and decoding, formatting dates based on time zones, and compressing/decompressing blobs."],["While previously available, the `jsonParse` and `jsonStringify` methods for JSON handling are now deprecated and should be avoided in favor of native JavaScript JSON functions."],["Offers various digest and signature computation options, including support for algorithms like SHA-256 and RSA."]]],["The `Utilities` service offers methods for diverse tasks, including: encoding/decoding strings (base64), computing digests and signatures (HMAC, RSA), formatting/parsing dates, and string manipulation. It also handles blobs for creating, compressing (gzip), uncompressing, and zipping files. CSV parsing, UUID generation, and execution pausing are supported. Deprecated methods `jsonParse` and `jsonStringify` are replaced by `JSON.parse()` and `JSON.stringify()`. Core actions involve data transformation, cryptographic operations, file handling, and string formatting.\n"]]

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