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Google Sheets Macros | Apps Script

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Google Sheets lets you record macros that duplicate a specific series of UI interactions that you define. Once you've recorded a macro, you can link it to a keyboard shortcut in the form Ctrl+Alt+Shift+Number. You can use that shortcut to quickly execute the exact macro steps again, typically in a different place or on different data. You can also activate the macro from the Google Sheets Extensions > Macros menu.

When you record a macro, Google Sheets automatically creates an Apps Script function (the macro function) that replicates the macro steps. The macro function is added to an Apps Script project bound to the sheet, in a file titled macros.gs. In the event that there is already a project file bound to the sheet with that name, the macro function is appended to it. Google Sheets also automatically updates the script project manifest, recording the name and keyboard shortcut assigned to the macro.

Since every recorded macro is defined entirely within Apps Script, you can edit them directly within the Apps Script editor. You can even write macros from scratch in Apps Script, or take functions you've already written and turn them into macros.

You can take functions written in Apps Script and use them as macro functions. The easiest way to do this is by importing an existing function from the Google Sheets editor.

Alternatively, you can create macros within the Apps Script editor by following these steps:

1. In the Google Sheets UI, select Extensions > Apps Script to open the script bound to the sheet in the Apps Script editor.
2. Write the macro function. Macro functions should take no arguments and return no values.
3. Edit your script manifest to create the macro and link it to the macro function. Assign it a unique keyboard shortcut and name.
4. Save the script project. The macro is then available for use in the sheet.
5. Test the macro function in the sheet to verify that functions as intended.

You can edit macros attached to a sheet by doing the following:

1. In the Google Sheets UI, select Extensions > Macros > Manage macros.
2. Find the macro you want to edit and select more_vert > Edit macro. This opens the Apps Script editor to the project file containing the macro function.
3. Edit the macro function to change the macro behavior.
4. Save the script project. The macro is then available for use in the sheet.
5. Test the macro function in the sheet to verify that functions as intended.

If there is already a script bound to a sheet, you can import a function in the script as a new macro and then assign it a keyboard shortcut. You can do this by editing the manifest file and adding another element to the sheets.macros[] property.

Alternatively, follow these steps to import a function as a macro from the Sheets UI:

1. In the Google Sheets UI, select Extensions > Macros > Import.
2. Select a function from the list presented and then click Add function.
3. Select clear to close the dialog.
4. Select Extensions > Macros > Manage macros.
5. Locate the function you just imported in the list. Assign a unique keyboard shortcut to the macro. You can also change the macro name here; the name defaults to the name of the function.
6. Click Update to save the macro configuration.

The following manifest file example snippet shows the section of a manifest that defines Google Sheets macros. The sheets section of the manifest defines the name and keyboard shortcut assigned to the macro and the name of the macro function.

  {
    ...
    "sheets": {
      "macros": [{
        "menuName": "QuickRowSum",
        "functionName": "calculateRowSum",
        "defaultShortcut": "Ctrl+Alt+Shift+1"
      }, {
        "menuName": "Headerfy",
        "functionName": "updateToHeaderStyle",
        "defaultShortcut": "Ctrl+Alt+Shift+2"
      }]
    }
  }

See the Sheets macro manifest resource for more details on how Sheets macro manifests are constructed.

When creating or managing macros in Apps Script, it is recommended that you adhere to the following guidelines.

1. Macros are more performant when they are light-weight. Where possible, limit the number of actions a macro takes.
2. Macros are best suited for rote operations that need to be repeated frequently with little or no configuration. For other operations, consider using a custom menu item instead.
3. Always remember that macro keyboard shortcuts must be unique, and a given sheet can only have ten macros with shortcuts at any one time. Any additional macros can only be executed from the Extensions > Macros menu.
4. Macros that make changes to a single cell can be applied to a range of cells by first selecting the full range and then activating the macro. This means it is often unnecessary to create macros that duplicate the same operation across a predefined range of cells.

There are a few restrictions on what you can do with macros:

Macros are defined in scripts bound to specific Google Sheets. Macro definitions are ignored if defined in a standalone script or web app.

You cannot distribute macro definitions using a Sheets add-on. Any macro definitions in a Sheets add-on project are ignored by users of that add-on.

You cannot distribute macro definitions using Apps Script libraries.

Macros are only a feature in Google Sheets, and do not exist for Google Docs, Forms, or Slides.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-04 UTC.

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