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Showing content from https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/ruby/runtime below:

The Ruby runtime | Google App Engine flexible environment docs

The Ruby runtime

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Note: Some Ruby runtimes have reached end of support. You cannot re-deploy versions that use runtimes after their end of support date. We recommend that you upgrade your app to use the latest version of Ruby.

The Ruby runtime is the software stack responsible for installing your application code and dependencies, and then running that application in the flexible environment.

Ruby versions

Ruby 3.4 uses buildpacks. For the full list of supported Ruby versions, and their corresponding Ubuntu version, see the Runtime support schedule.

To use a supported Ruby version, you must:

Specify a Ruby version in your Gemfile.
```
RUBY VERSION
  ruby 3.4.x
```
Install gcloud CLI version 420.0.0 or later. You can update your CLI tooling by running the gcloud components update command. To view your installed version, you can run the gcloud version command.

Specify the operating_system setting in your app.yaml file:

  runtime: ruby
  env: flex

  runtime_config:
      operating_system: "ubuntu22"

Optionally, you can specify a version of the Ruby interpreter using a .ruby-version file in your application directory. For example, 3.4.x

Previous versions Warning: Ruby version 3.1 and earlier have reached end of support. App Engine blocks you from deploying your applications using runtimes that have reached end of support. We recommend that you migrate your app to use a supported version of Ruby or use a custom runtime.

To use Ruby runtime version 3.1 and earlier, specify a version of the Ruby interpreter using a .ruby-version file in your application directory.

When this file is present, the runtime installs the requested version of Ruby when you deploy your application using rbenv. If the requested version cannot be installed, App Engine shows an error message during deployment.

If you don't provide a .ruby-version file, the Ruby runtime defaults to version 2.7. Note that the default can change at any time, so it is recommended that your app specifies a Ruby version.

Support for other Ruby runtimes

If you need to use a Ruby version that isn't supported, you can create a custom runtime and select a valid base image with the Ruby version you need.

For Google-supplied base images or Docker Ruby base images, see Building custom runtimes.

Dependencies

The runtime looks for a Gemfile file in your application's source directory and uses Bundler to install any dependencies before starting your application. For more information on declaring and managing packages, see Using Ruby Libraries.

Using C libraries with Ruby

For Ruby libraries that require C extensions, the headers for the current Ruby version and the following Ubuntu packages are pre-installed on the system.

autoconf
build-essential
ca-certificates
cmake
curl
file
git
imagemagick
libcurl3
libcurl3-gnutls
libcurl4-openssl-dev
libffi-dev
libgdbm-dev
libgit2-dev
libgmp-dev
libicu-dev
libjemalloc-dev
libjemalloc1
libmagickwand-dev
libmysqlclient-dev
libncurses5-dev
libpq-dev
libqdbm-dev
libreadline6-dev
libsqlite3-dev
libssl-dev
libxml2-dev
libxslt-dev
libyaml-dev
libz-dev
systemtap
tzdata

These packages allow the installation of most popular Ruby libraries. If your application requires additional operating-system level dependencies, you will need to use a custom runtime based on this runtime to install the appropriate packages.

Application startup

The runtime starts your application using the entrypoint defined in app.yaml. The entrypoint should start a process that responds to HTTP requests on the port defined by the environment variable PORT. For example:

entrypoint: bundle exec rails server -p $PORT

Most web applications use a Rack-supported web server such as Puma, Unicorn or Thin.

You must add the server as a dependency in your application's Gemfile configuration file. The runtime will install all dependencies before your entrypoint is called.

source "https://rubygems.org"

gem "rack"
gem "puma"

An example entrypoint using puma for a Rails application:

entrypoint: bundle exec rails server Puma -p $PORT

An example entrypoint using puma for any Rack application:

entrypoint: bundle exec rackup -s Puma -p $PORT

For applications that can handle requests without a Rack server, you can just execute a ruby script:

entrypoint: bundle exec ruby app.rb

Note: The entrypoint command will be executed by bash's exec function. Shell variables such as $PORT will be replaced normally, but shell syntax such as if, for and while embedded in the entrypoint command will not function. Environment variables

The following environment variables are set by the runtime environment:

Environment Variable Description GAE_INSTANCE The name of the current instance. GAE_MEMORY_MB The amount of memory available to the application process. GAE_SERVICE The service name specified in your application's app.yaml file, or if no service name is specified, it is set to default. GAE_VERSION The version label of the current application. GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT The Project ID associated with your application, which is visible in the Google Cloud console PORT The port that will receive HTTP requests. RACK_ENV Set to production. RAILS_ENV Set to production. RAILS_SERVE_STATIC_FILES Set to true.

You can set additional environment variables with app.yaml.

Each instance of your application can use the Compute Engine metadata server to query information about the instance, including its hostname, external IP address, instance ID, custom metadata, and service account information. App Engine doesn't allow you to set custom metadata for each instance, but you can set project-wide custom metadata and read it from your App Engine and Compute Engine instances.

This example function uses the metadata server to get an external IP address of an instance.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["The Ruby runtime on App Engine supports specific Ruby versions, with Ruby 3.3 using buildpacks, and older versions like 3.1 and earlier are no longer supported, requiring upgrades or custom runtimes."],["To use a supported Ruby version, you must specify the version in your `Gemfile`, install gcloud CLI version 420.0.0 or later, and define the `operating_system` in your `app.yaml` file, with an optional `.ruby-version` file."],["The runtime installs dependencies from the `Gemfile` using Bundler and pre-installs several Ubuntu packages for C extensions, but custom runtimes are needed for additional operating-system level dependencies."],["Application startup is managed via the `entrypoint` in `app.yaml`, which should start a process that responds to HTTP requests on the specified port, and most web applications utilize a Rack-supported web server like Puma."],["The environment provides variables like `GAE_INSTANCE`, `PORT`, and `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT`, and instances can access instance information through the Compute Engine metadata server."]]],[]]

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