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The PHP runtime | Google App Engine flexible environment docs

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The PHP runtime is the software stack responsible for installing your application code and dependencies, and then running that application in the flexible environment.

PHP 8.4 uses buildpacks. For the full list of supported PHP versions, and their corresponding Ubuntu version, see the Runtime support schedule.

To use a supported PHP version, you must:

• Install gcloud CLI version 420.0.0 or later. You can update your CLI tooling by running the gcloud components update command. To view your installed version, you can run the gcloud version command.

• Include the runtime_config and operating_system settings in your app.yaml file to specify an operating system.

• Declare the document root for your application in the app.yaml file:

    runtime: php
    env: flex
  
    runtime_config:
        operating_system: "ubuntu22"
        document_root: "web"
  

  Although you can specify the project root (.) directory as the document root, we recommend that you use a subdirectory for the document_root setting.

  The source code is located in the /workspace directory instead of the root directory (/). If you override any configuration, the NGINX or supervisor processes reference your configuration file in this directory. To update corresponding references, you must:

  • Update any include statements in your NGINX configuration to be relative to /workspace instead of /etc/nginx.

  • Some files such as gzip_params are not included. To reference these files, include your own or copy from GitHub. Files such as mime.types and fastcgi_params are available in /etc/nginx directory.

  • Some NGINX modules such as nginx-plus-module-ndk are not installed. Set the $docroot value or add the value manually in your NGINX configuration file.

• Optionally, you can specify a runtime version by:

  • Including the runtime_version setting in your app.yaml. By default, the latest PHP version is used if the runtime_version setting is not specified.

    • To specify PHP 8.4 on Ubuntu 22:

      runtime: php
      env: flex
      
      runtime_config:
          operating_system: "ubuntu22"
          runtime_version: "8.4"
          document_root: .
      

    • To specify the latest supported PHP version on Ubuntu 22:

        runtime: php
        env: flex
      
        runtime_config:
            operating_system: "ubuntu22"
            document_root: .
      

  • Including a PHP version in the composer.json file.

    {
        "require": {
            "php": "8.4.*"
        }
    }
    

    When you specify a PHP version using MAJOR, MINOR, and PATCH, replace PATCH with *. Use the format MAJOR.MINOR.*. The PHP runtime is regularly updated to the latest release version and only supports one release version at a time, so specifying a release version can cause an error.

  See the app.yaml reference for more information.

To use PHP version 7.3 and earlier, you must:

• Declare the document root for your application. You can do this in your app.yaml file:

  runtime: php
  env: flex
  api_version: 1
  
  runtime_config:
    document_root: .
  

  Although you can specify the project root (.) directory as the document root, we recommend that you use a subdirectory for the document_root setting.

• Specify a PHP version in the composer.json file to prevent your application from automatically upgrading when a new version of PHP becomes available.

  {
      "require": {
          "php": "7.3.*"
      }
  }
  

  When you specify a PHP version using MAJOR, MINOR, and PATCH, replace PATCH with `*`. Use the format MAJOR.MINOR.*. The PHP runtime is regularly updated to the latest release version and only supports one release version at a time, so specifying a release version can cause an error.

If you need to use a PHP version that isn't supported, you can create a custom runtime and select a valid base image with the PHP version you need.

For Google-supplied base images or Docker PHP base images, see Building custom runtimes.

To define a custom configuration file, include the nginx-app.conf file in the root directory of your project.

By default, the framework front controller uses the index.php file. You might need to change this to something different for your project. For instance, the Symfony framework uses app.php instead of index.php. You can change the filename in the runtime_config section of your app.yaml file:

runtime: php
env: flex

runtime_config:
  operating_system: "ubuntu22"
  document_root: .
  front_controller_file: app.php

For version 7.3 and earlier, the nginx-app.conf configuration file is included in the server section of the main NGINX configuration file. For example, the default configuration php-app.conf file, contains the following:

location / {
# try to serve files directly, fallback to the front controller
try_files $uri /$front_controller_file$is_args$args;
}

To define a custom configuration file, create the nginx-app.conf file in the root directory of your project. The runtime overrides the default file with the file you provide.

By default, the framework front controller uses the index.php file. You might need to change this to something different for your project. For instance, the Symfony framework uses app.php instead of index.php. You can change the filename in the runtime_config section of your app.yaml file:

runtime: php
env: flex

runtime_config:
  document_root: .
  front_controller_file: app.php

Enable OPcache in your php.ini file. See the official doc for how to configure OPcache.

To disable OPcache, create or edit the file php.ini with the following line:

opcache.enable=0

The runtime looks for a composer.json file in your application's source directory and uses composer to install any dependencies before starting your application. For more information on declaring and managing packages, see Using PHP Libraries.

The following PHP extensions are pre-installed and enabled on the system:

To enable an extension, add a php.ini file in the root of your application with the extension directive:

; Enable the Redis extension
extension=redis.so

; Enable the OpenTelemetry extension (must be in an opentelemetry section)
[opentelemetry]
extension=opentelemetry.so

Alternatively, you can also enable an extension by adding a require to your composer.json:

{
    "require": {
        "ext-redis": "*"
    }
}

These packages allow the installation of most popular PHP extensions. If your application requires additional operating-system level dependencies, you must extend the PHP runtime or use a custom runtime to install the appropriate packages.

App Engine terminates the HTTPS connection at the load balancer and forwards the request to your application. The NGINX server is configured to set the HTTPS environment variable ($_SERVER["HTTPS"]) to on when the request is made via HTTPS.

Some applications also need to ascertain the user's IP address. This is available in the standard X-Forwarded-For header.

The following functions are disabled with the disable_functions directive in php.ini:

• exec
• passthru
• proc_open
• proc_close
• shell_exec
• show_source
• symlink
• system

If you need any of the above functions, add a php.ini file in the root of your application and change the disable_functions directive. Alternatively, set whitelist_functions in the runtime_config section in app.yaml to a comma-delimited list of functions to allow.

For PHP version 7.3 and earlier, the suhosin Security extension is installed and configured by default to run in simulation mode. Simulation mode logs the use of potentially dangerous functions, which will show in the Cloud Logging UI. Turning the simulation mode off will make your application exit when a potentially dangerous function is used. To enable this additional security feature, add a php.ini in your project root with the following option:

; Prevent the use of potentially dangerous functions rather than logging them
suhosin.simulation = Off

The function parse_str is patched and the second parameter is mandatory. If you call parse_str with only one parameter, it will throw a warning and the function will not be called.

You can include the following configurations in the runtime_config section:

You can control whether Nginx serves static files for matching URIs by setting the NGINX_SERVES_STATIC_FILES environment variable in the build_env_variables section of your app.yaml file:

runtime: php
env: flex

runtime_config:
  document_root: "web"
  operating_system: "ubuntu22"

build_env_variables:
  NGINX_SERVES_STATIC_FILES: true

The App Engine flexible environment uses supervisord to manage processes. By default, supervisord runs nginx and php-fpm to run PHP web applications; however, some applications need to run external processes. Also such applications sometimes even do not need nginx nor php-fpm.

If you want to add a process managed by supervisord, add a file named additional-supervisord.conf to the project root directory. The following is an example configuration file content for this case:

If you want to replace nginx and php-fpm with your process, add a file named supervisord.conf to the project root directory. The following is an example configuration file content for this case:

The App Engine flexible environment PHP runtime can be used to create a custom runtime. See Customizing the PHP Runtime for more information.

The following environment variables are set by the runtime environment:

You can set additional environment variables with app.yaml.

Each instance of your application can use the Compute Engine metadata server to query information about the instance, including its host name, external IP address, instance ID, custom metadata, and service account information. App Engine doesn't allow you to set custom metadata for each instance, but you can set project-wide custom metadata and read it from your App Engine and Compute Engine instances.

This example function uses the metadata server to get the external IP address of an instance:

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["PHP versions 7.3 and earlier have reached their end of support, preventing new deployments and suggesting upgrades to newer, supported versions."],["To utilize a supported PHP version, it is necessary to have `gcloud CLI` version 420.0.0 or later, configure `runtime_config` and `operating_system` within the `app.yaml` file, and specify the `document_root`."],["The runtime environment utilizes a `composer.json` file to install dependencies and provides a range of pre-installed PHP extensions, with options to enable additional extensions via `php.ini` or `composer.json`."],["The `runtime_config` section in `app.yaml` offers a variety of configurations to customize the runtime, including specifying the `document_root`, overriding composer flags, and defining custom NGINX and PHP-FPM configurations."],["The flexible environment utilizes supervisord to manage processes, allowing users to add custom processes via `additional-supervisord.conf` or replace default processes with their own by using `supervisord.conf`."]]],[]]

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