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Showing content from https://developers.google.com/appengine/docs/flexible/dotnet/runtime below:

The .NET runtime | Google App Engine flexible environment docs

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The .NET runtime is the software stack responsible for installing your application code and dependencies, and then running that application in the flexible environment.

.NET 8 is built using buildpacks. For the full list of supported .NET versions, and their corresponding Ubuntu version, see the Runtime support schedule.

To use a supported .NET version, you must:

• Update your project file with the .NET version you want to use.

  <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
  
    <PropertyGroup>
      <TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
      <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
      <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    </PropertyGroup>
  
    <ItemGroup>
      <None Update="app.yaml">
        <CopyToPublishDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToPublishDirectory>
      </None>
    </ItemGroup>
  
  </Project>
  

  For more information see Migrate from ASP.NET Core 3.1 to 6.0.

• Install gcloud CLI version 420.0.0 or later. You can update your CLI tooling by running the gcloud components update command. To view your installed version, you can run the gcloud version command.

• Specify the operating_system setting in your app.yaml file:

    runtime: aspnetcore
    env: flex
  
    runtime_config:
        operating_system: "ubuntu22"
  

• Optionally, you can specify a runtime version by including the runtime_version setting in your app.yaml file. By default, App Engine uses the latest available LTS .NET version if the runtime_version setting is not specified. For example, the app.yaml file looks as follows when specifying .NET 8 on Ubuntu 22:

    runtime: aspnetcore
    env: flex
  
    runtime_config:
        runtime_version: "8"
        operating_system: "ubuntu22"
  

To target a specific .NET SDK version, update your project file. For more information, see Migrate from ASP.NET Core 3.1 to 6.0.

If you want to use GKE or other Docker hosts, you need to create a Dockerfile that copies your application code and installs dependencies. For more information, see Custom Runtimes.

To deploy your .NET app, run the following commands from the root directory where your app resides:

    dotnet restore
    dotnet publish -c Release
    gcloud app deploy

If you need to use a .NET version that isn't supported, you can create a custom runtime and select a valid base image with the .NET version you need.

For Google-supplied base images or Docker .NET base images, see Building custom runtimes.

App Engine terminates the HTTPS connection at the load balancer and forwards the request to your application. Applications can examine the X-Forwarded-Proto to observe whether the original protocol was HTTP or HTTPS.

Some applications also need to ascertain the user's IP address. This is available in the standard X-Forwarded-For header.

The flexible environment .NET runtime can be used to create a custom runtime. Custom runtimes are configured via a Dockerfile.

You can customize the Dockerfile and .dockerignore as desired. Finally, you will need to specify runtime: custom instead of runtime: aspnetcore in app.yaml. See Customizing the .NET Runtime for more information.

The following environment variables are set by the runtime environment:

You can set additional configuration variables with appsettings.json.

Each instance of your application can use the Compute Engine metadata server to query information about the instance, including its host name, external IP address, instance ID, custom metadata, and service account information. App Engine does not allow you to set custom metadata for each instance, but you can set project-wide custom metadata and read it from your App Engine and Compute Engine instances.

This example function uses the metadata server to get the external IP address of the instance:

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["The .NET runtime in the flexible environment manages the installation and execution of your application's code and dependencies, with .NET 8 utilizing buildpacks."],["To use a specific supported .NET version, update your project file with the desired version, ensure you have gcloud CLI version 420.0.0 or later, and define the `operating_system` and optionally `runtime_version` in your `app.yaml` file."],["Older .NET versions, specifically 3 and earlier, have reached their end of support, and deploying applications with these runtimes is blocked; upgrading to a supported version is recommended."],["For .NET versions not directly supported, custom runtimes can be created by selecting a valid base image with the required .NET version, or by using Docker to deploy your application."],["App Engine uses environment variables like `GAE_INSTANCE`, `GAE_SERVICE`, and `PORT` to provide information about your application instance, and applications can query the Compute Engine metadata server for more details."]]],[]]

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