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Showing content from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/SVG/Reference/Element/mask below:

<mask> - SVG | MDN

<mask>

Baseline Widely available

The <mask> SVG element defines a mask for compositing the current object into the background. A mask is used/referenced using the mask property and CSS mask-image property.

Usage context Categories Container element Permitted content Any number of the following elements, in any order:
Animation elements
Descriptive elements
Shape elements
Structural elements
Gradient elements
<a>, <clipPath>, <filter>, <foreignObject>, <image>, <marker>, <mask>, <pattern>, <script>, <style>, <switch>, <text>, <view> Attributes
height

This attribute defines the height of the masking area. Value type: <length>; Default value: 120%; Animatable: yes

mask-type

This attribute defines the mask mode for the contents for the contents of the <mask>. Value type: alpha | luminance; Default value: luminance; Animatable: yes

maskContentUnits

This attribute defines the coordinate system for the contents of the <mask>. Value type: userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox; Default value: userSpaceOnUse; Animatable: yes

maskUnits

This attribute defines the coordinate system for attributes x, y, width and height on the <mask>. Value type: userSpaceOnUse | objectBoundingBox; Default value: objectBoundingBox; Animatable: yes

x

This attribute defines the x-axis coordinate of the top-left corner of the masking area. Value type: <coordinate>; Default value: -10%; Animatable: yes

y

This attribute defines the y-axis coordinate of the top-left corner of the masking area. Value type: <coordinate>; Default value: -10%; Animatable: yes

width

This attribute defines the width of the masking area. Value type: <length>; Default value: 120%; Animatable: yes

DOM Interface

This element implements the SVGMaskElement interface.

Example 
html,
body,
svg {
  height: 100%;
}

<svg viewBox="-10 -10 120 120">
  <rect x="-10" y="-10" width="120" height="120" fill="blue" />
  <mask id="myMask" mask-type="luminance">
    <!-- Everything under a white pixel will be visible -->
    <rect x="0" y="0" width="100" height="100" fill="white" />

    <!-- Everything under a black pixel will be invisible -->
    <path
      d="M10,35 A20,20,0,0,1,50,35 A20,20,0,0,1,90,35 Q90,65,50,95 Q10,65,10,35 Z"
      fill="black" />
  </mask>

  <polygon points="-10,110 110,110 110,-10" fill="orange" />

  <!-- with this mask applied, we "punch" a heart shape hole into the circle -->
  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50" fill="purple" mask="url(#myMask)" />
</svg>
Specifications Browser compatibility See also

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