Baseline Widely available
The <sub>
HTML element specifies inline text which should be displayed as subscript for solely typographical reasons. Subscripts are typically rendered with a lowered baseline using smaller text.
<p>
Almost every developer's favorite molecule is
C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, also known as
"caffeine."
</p>
p {
font:
1rem "Fira Sans",
sans-serif;
}
Attributes
This element only includes the global attributes.
Usage notesThe <sub>
element should be used only for typographical reasonsâthat is, to change the position of the text to comply with typographical conventions or standards, rather than solely for presentation or appearance purposes.
For example, using <sub>
to style the name of a company which uses altered baselines in their wordmark would not be appropriate; instead, CSS should be used. For example, you could use the vertical-align
property with a declaration like vertical-align: sub
or, to more precisely control the baseline shift, vertical-align: -25%
.
Appropriate use cases for <sub>
include (but aren't necessarily limited to):
Traditional footnotes are denoted using numbers which are rendered in subscript. This is a common use case for <sub>
:
In mathematics, families of variables related to the same concept (such as distances along the same axis) are represented using the same variable name with a subscript following. For example:
<p>
The horizontal coordinates' positions along the X-axis are represented as
<var>x<sub>1</sub></var> ⦠<var>x<sub>n</sub></var>.
</p>
Result Chemical formulas
When writing a chemical formula, such as H20, the number of atoms of a given element within the described molecule is represented using a subscripted number; in the case of water, the subscripted "2" indicates that there are two atoms of hydrogen in the molecule.
Another example:
<p>
Almost every developer's favorite molecule is
C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which is commonly known
as "caffeine."
</p>
Result Technical summary Specifications Browser compatibility See also
<sup>
HTML element that produces superscript. Note that you cannot use sup
and sub
both at the same time: you need to use MathML to produce both a superscript directly above a subscript next to the chemical symbol of an element, representing its atomic number and its nuclear number.<msub>
, <msup>
, and <msubsup>
MathML elements.vertical-align
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HTML:
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| Version:
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