Baseline Widely available *
KeyboardEvent
objects describe a user interaction with the keyboard; each event describes a single interaction between the user and a key (or combination of a key with modifier keys) on the keyboard. The event type (keydown
, keypress
, or keyup
) identifies what kind of keyboard activity occurred.
Note: KeyboardEvent
events just indicate what interaction the user had with a key on the keyboard at a low level, providing no contextual meaning to that interaction. When you need to handle text input, use the input
event instead. Keyboard events may not be fired if the user is using an alternate means of entering text, such as a handwriting system on a tablet or graphics tablet.
KeyboardEvent()
Creates a new KeyboardEvent
object.
The KeyboardEvent
interface defines the following constants.
The following constants identify which part of the keyboard the key event originates from. They are accessed as KeyboardEvent.DOM_KEY_LOCATION_STANDARD
and so forth.
DOM_KEY_LOCATION_STANDARD
0x00
The key described by the event is not identified as being located in a particular area of the keyboard; it is not located on the numeric keypad (unless it's the NumLock key), and for keys that are duplicated on the left and right sides of the keyboard, the key is, for whatever reason, not to be associated with that location.
Examples include alphanumeric keys on the standard PC 101 US keyboard, the NumLock key, and the space bar.
DOM_KEY_LOCATION_LEFT
0x01
The key is one which may exist in multiple locations on the keyboard and, in this instance, is on the left side of the keyboard.
Examples include the left Control key, the left Command key on a Macintosh keyboard, or the left Shift key.
DOM_KEY_LOCATION_RIGHT
0x02
The key is one which may exist in multiple positions on the keyboard and, in this case, is located on the right side of the keyboard.
Examples include the right Shift key and the right Alt key (Option on a Mac keyboard).
DOM_KEY_LOCATION_NUMPAD
0x03
The key is located on the numeric keypad, or is a virtual key associated with the numeric keypad if there's more than one place the key could originate from. The NumLock key does not fall into this group and is always encoded with the location DOM_KEY_LOCATION_STANDARD
.
Examples include the digits on the numeric keypad, the keypad's Enter key, and the decimal point on the keypad.
Instance propertiesThis interface also inherits properties of its parents, UIEvent
and Event
.
KeyboardEvent.altKey
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the Alt (Option or ⥠on macOS) key was active when the key event was generated.
KeyboardEvent.code
Read only
Returns a string with the code value of the physical key represented by the event.
Warning: This ignores the user's keyboard layout, so that if the user presses the key at the "Y" position in a QWERTY keyboard layout (near the middle of the row above the home row), this will always return "KeyY", even if the user has a QWERTZ keyboard (which would mean the user expects a "Z" and all the other properties would indicate a "Z") or a Dvorak keyboard layout (where the user would expect an "F"). If you want to display the correct keystrokes to the user, you can use Keyboard.getLayoutMap()
.
KeyboardEvent.ctrlKey
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the Ctrl key was active when the key event was generated.
KeyboardEvent.isComposing
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the event is fired between after compositionstart
and before compositionend
.
KeyboardEvent.key
Read only
Returns a string representing the key value of the key represented by the event.
KeyboardEvent.location
Read only
Returns a number representing the location of the key on the keyboard or other input device. A list of the constants identifying the locations is shown above in Keyboard locations.
KeyboardEvent.metaKey
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the Meta key (on Mac keyboards, the â Command key; on Windows keyboards, the Windows key (â)) was active when the key event was generated.
KeyboardEvent.repeat
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the key is being held down such that it is automatically repeating.
KeyboardEvent.shiftKey
Read only
Returns a boolean value that is true
if the Shift key was active when the key event was generated.
KeyboardEvent.charCode
Deprecated Read only
Returns a number representing the Unicode reference number of the key; this property is used only by the keypress
event. For keys whose char
property contains multiple characters, this is the Unicode value of the first character in that property. In Firefox 26 this returns codes for printable characters.
KeyboardEvent.keyCode
Deprecated Read only
Returns a number representing a system and implementation dependent numerical code identifying the unmodified value of the pressed key.
KeyboardEvent.keyIdentifier
Non-standard Deprecated Read only
This property is non-standard and has been deprecated in favor of KeyboardEvent.key
. It was part of an old version of DOM Level 3 Events.
This interface also inherits methods of its parents, UIEvent
and Event
.
KeyboardEvent.getModifierState()
Returns a boolean value indicating if a modifier key such as Alt, Shift, Ctrl, or Meta, was pressed when the event was created.
KeyboardEvent.initKeyboardEvent()
Deprecated
Initializes a KeyboardEvent
object. This is now deprecated. You should instead use the KeyboardEvent()
constructor.
The following events are based on the KeyboardEvent
type. In the list below, each event links to the documentation for the Element
handler for the event, which applies generally to all of the recipients, including Element
, Document
, and Window
.
keydown
A key has been pressed.
keyup
A key has been released.
keypress
Deprecated
A key that normally produces a character value has been pressed. This event was highly device-dependent and is obsolete. You should not use it.
There are three types of keyboard events: keydown
, keypress
, and keyup
. For most keys, Gecko dispatches a sequence of key events like this:
keydown
event is sent.keypress
event is sent.keyup
event is sent.Some keys toggle the state of an indicator light; these include keys such as Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock. On Windows and Linux, these keys dispatch only the keydown
and keyup
events.
Note: On Linux, Firefox 12 and earlier also dispatched the keypress
event for these keys.
However, a limitation of the macOS event model causes Caps Lock to dispatch only the keydown
event. Num Lock was supported on some older laptop models (2007 models and older), but since then, macOS hasn't supported Num Lock even on external keyboards. On older MacBooks with a Num Lock key, that key doesn't generate any key events. Gecko does support the Scroll Lock key if an external keyboard which has an F14 key is connected. In certain older versions of Firefox, this key generated a keypress
event; this inconsistent behavior was Firefox bug 602812.
When a key is pressed and held down, it begins to auto-repeat. This results in a sequence of events similar to the following being dispatched:
keydown
keypress
keydown
keypress
keyup
This is what the DOM Level 3 specification says should happen. There are some caveats, however, as described below.
Auto-repeat on some GTK environments such as Ubuntu 9.4In some GTK-based environments, auto-repeat dispatches a native key-up event automatically during auto-repeat, and there's no way for Gecko to know the difference between a repeated series of key presses and an auto-repeat. On those platforms, then, an auto-repeat key will generate the following sequence of events:
keydown
keypress
keyup
keydown
keypress
keyup
keyup
In these environments, unfortunately, there's no way for web content to tell the difference between auto-repeating keys and keys that are just being pressed repeatedly.
Exampledocument.addEventListener(
"keydown",
(event) => {
const keyName = event.key;
if (keyName === "Control") {
// do not alert when only Control key is pressed.
return;
}
if (event.ctrlKey) {
// Even though event.key is not 'Control' (e.g., 'a' is pressed),
// event.ctrlKey may be true if Ctrl key is pressed at the same time.
alert(`Combination of ctrlKey + ${keyName}`);
} else {
alert(`Key pressed ${keyName}`);
}
},
false,
);
document.addEventListener(
"keyup",
(event) => {
const keyName = event.key;
// As the user releases the Ctrl key, the key is no longer active,
// so event.ctrlKey is false.
if (keyName === "Control") {
alert("Control key was released");
}
},
false,
);
Specifications
The KeyboardEvent
interface specification went through numerous draft versions, first under DOM Events Level 2 where it was dropped as no consensus arose, then under DOM Events Level 3. This led to the implementation of non-standard initialization methods, the early DOM Events Level 2 version, KeyboardEvent.initKeyEvent()
by Gecko browsers and the early DOM Events Level 3 version, KeyboardEvent.initKeyboardEvent()
by others. Both have been superseded by the modern usage of a constructor: KeyboardEvent()
.
keypress
event is no longer fired for non-printable keys (Firefox bug 968056), except for the Enter key, and the Shift + Enter and Ctrl + Enter key combinations (these were kept for cross-browser compatibility purposes).RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue
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