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Showing content from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/GPURenderPassEncoder/executeBundles below:

GPURenderPassEncoder: executeBundles() method - Web APIs

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The executeBundles() method of the GPURenderPassEncoder interface executes commands previously recorded into the referenced GPURenderBundles, as part of this render pass.

Note: After calling executeBundles() the currently set vertex buffers, index buffers, bind groups, and pipeline are all cleared, even if no bundles are actually executed.

bundles

An array of GPURenderBundle objects, containing the pre-recorded commands to execute.

None (Undefined).

The following criteria must be met when calling executeBundles(), otherwise a GPUValidationError is generated and the GPURenderPassEncoder becomes invalid.

For each GPURenderBundle:

• If the render pass's depthReadOnly property (as specified in the descriptor of the originating GPUCommandEncoder.beginRenderPass() call) is true, then the bundle's depthReadOnly property (as specified in the descriptor of the GPUDevice.createRenderBundleEncoder() call that created the originating GPURenderBundleEncoder) is also true.
• If the render pass's stencilReadOnly property (as specified in the descriptor of the originating GPUCommandEncoder.beginRenderPass() call) is true, then the bundle's stencilReadOnly property (as specified in the descriptor of the GPUDevice.createRenderBundleEncoder() call that created the originating GPURenderBundleEncoder) is also true.
• The layout of the render pipeline specified in GPURenderPassEncoder.setPipeline() (as defined in the descriptor of the originating GPUDevice.createRenderPipeline() call) equals the layout of the render bundle pipeline specified in GPURenderBundleEncoder.setPipeline().

In the WebGPU Samples Animometer example, a lot of like operations are done on many different objects simultaneously. executeBundles() is used to reuse the work on multiple render passes to improve performance. Study the example code listing for the full context.

// …

return function doDraw(timestamp) {
  if (startTime === undefined) {
    startTime = timestamp;
  }
  uniformTime[0] = (timestamp - startTime) / 1000;
  device.queue.writeBuffer(uniformBuffer, timeOffset, uniformTime.buffer);

  renderPassDescriptor.colorAttachments[0].view = context
    .getCurrentTexture()
    .createView();

  const commandEncoder = device.createCommandEncoder();
  const passEncoder = commandEncoder.beginRenderPass(renderPassDescriptor);

  if (settings.renderBundles) {
    passEncoder.executeBundles([renderBundle]);
  } else {
    recordRenderPass(passEncoder);
  }

  passEncoder.end();
  device.queue.submit([commandEncoder.finish()]);
};

// …

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