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Showing content from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Shadow_tree below:

Shadow tree - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms

Shadow tree

A shadow tree is a hidden set of DOM nodes whose topmost node is a shadow root. The shadow root is the topmost node of a shadow DOM and not part of the regular document's DOM tree.

The shadow root is attached to another node tree through a specific DOM node referred to as its host. This host may be part of another shadow tree or part of the regular DOM tree. The node tree of a shadow root's host is sometimes referred to as the light tree.

The hidden DOM nodes of a shadow tree are generally not affected by anything applied outside the shadow tree, and vice versa. The shadow boundary, where the shadow DOM ends and the regular DOM begins, can be traversed, but only very intentionally:

Scripting shadow tree nodes from outside requires the use of a special Shadow DOM API to be accessed.
Styling a shadow tree from outside can be achieved via CSS scoping and CSS shadow parts.