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Showing content from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Localization below:

Localization

Localization (l10n) is the process of adapting a software user interface to a specific culture.

The following are common factors to consider:

language
unit of measure (e.g., kilometers in Europe, miles in U.S.)
text direction (e.g., European languages are left-to-right, Arabic right-to-left)
capitalization in Latin script (e.g., English uses capitals for weekdays, Spanish uses lowercase)
adaptation of idioms (e.g., "raining cats and dogs" makes no sense when translated literally)
use of register (e.g., in Japanese respectful speech differs exceptionally from casual speech)
number format (e.g., 10 000,00 in Germany vs. 10,000.00 in the U.S.)
date format
currency
cultural references
paper size
color psychology
compliance with local laws
local holidays
personal names

The complementary practice, of designing a system so it is easy to localize, is called Internationalization.