Fingerprinting is a practice in which websites identify a particular browser (and by extension, a particular user) by collecting and combining distinguishing features of the browser and underlying operating system. Elements of a fingerprint might include, for example:
A website can retrieve information like this by executing JavaScript and CSS on the device, and by combining this data can often create a unique fingerprint for a browser, which can then be used to track users across the web.
Web standards are designed in such a way as to minimize the ability of a website to collect identifying information, and browsers typically add their own protections as well.
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