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Showing content from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/BCP_47_language_tag below:

BCP 47 language tag - Glossary

BCP 47 language tag

A BCP 47 language tag is a string of characters that precisely specifies a human language in terms of the basic language, but also optionally the writing system and dialect. For example, en specifies English, but en-GB and en-US more precisely specify British English and American English, respectively.

BCP 47 language tags are used anywhere on the web platform where a feature has been designed to output different results depending on the specified language, enabling internationalization support.

Examples include:

The HTML lang attribute
The HTML <track> element
The Temporal object
The CanvasRenderingContext2D.lang property
The Translator and Language Detector APIs

BCP 47 syntax

The full BCP 47 syntax is specified in RFC 5646. It is capable of identifying extremely specific language dialects, but most usage is much simpler.

A language tag is made of hyphen-separated subtags, where each subtag indicates a certain property of the language. The three most common subtags are:

Language subtag

A 2-or-3-character code that defines the basic language, typically written in all lowercase. For example, the language code for English is en, and the code for Badeshi is bdz.

Script subtag Optional

This subtag defines the writing system used for the language, and is always 4 characters long, with the first letter capitalized. For example, French-in-Braille is fr-Brai and Japanese written with the Katakana alphabet is ja-Kana.

Note: If the language is written in a highly typical way, like English in the Latin alphabet, there is no need to use this subtag.

Region subtag Optional

This subtag defines a dialect of the base language from a particular location and is either two upper-case letters matching a country code or three numbers matching a non-country area. For example, es-ES is for Spanish as spoken in Spain, and es-013 is Spanish as spoken in Central America. "International Spanish" would just be es.

The script subtag precedes the region subtag if both are present â ru-Cyrl-BY is Russian, written in the Cyrillic alphabet, as spoken in Belarus.