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chrome.runtime | API | Chrome for Developers

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Use the chrome.runtime API to retrieve the service worker, return details about the manifest, and listen for and respond to events in the extension lifecycle. You can also use this API to convert the relative path of URLs to fully-qualified URLs.

Most members of this API do not require any permissions. This permission is needed for connectNative(), sendNativeMessage() and onNativeConnect.

The following example shows how to declare the "nativeMessaging" permission in the manifest:

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "My extension",
  ...
  "permissions": [
    "nativeMessaging"
  ],
  ...
}

The Runtime API provides methods to support a number of areas that your extensions can use:

Message passing

Your extension can communicate with different contexts within your extension and also with other extensions using these methods and events: connect(), onConnect, onConnectExternal, sendMessage(), onMessage and onMessageExternal. In addition, your extension can pass messages to native applications on the user's device using connectNative() and sendNativeMessage().

Accessing extension and platform metadata

These methods let you retrieve several specific pieces of metadata about the extension and the platform. Methods in this category include getManifest(), and getPlatformInfo().

Managing extension lifecycle and options

These properties let you perform some meta-operations on the extension, and display the options page. Methods and events in this category include onInstalled, onStartup, openOptionsPage(), reload(), requestUpdateCheck(), and setUninstallURL().

Helper utilities

These methods provide utility such as the conversion of internal resource representations to external formats. Methods in this category include getURL().

Kiosk mode utilities

These methods are available only on ChromeOS, and exist mainly to support kiosk implementations. Methods in this category include restart() and restartAfterDelay()`.

When an unpacked extension is reloaded, this is treated as an update. This means that the chrome.runtime.onInstalled event will fire with the "update" reason. This includes when the extension is reloaded with chrome.runtime.reload().

For a web page to access an asset hosted on another domain, it must specify the resource's full URL (e.g. <img src="https://example.com/logo.png">). The same is true to include an extension asset on a web page. The two differences are that the extension's assets must be exposed as web accessible resources and that typically content scripts are responsible for injecting extension assets.

In this example, the extension will add logo.png to the page that the content script is being injected into by using runtime.getURL() to create a fully-qualified URL. But first, the asset must be declared as a web accessible resource in the manifest.

manifest.json:

{
  ...
  "web_accessible_resources": [
    {
      "resources": [ "logo.png" ],
      "matches": [ "https://*/*" ]
    }
  ],
  ...
}

content.js:

{ // Block used to avoid setting global variables
  const img = document.createElement('img');
  img.src = chrome.runtime.getURL('logo.png');
  document.body.append(img);
}

Its common for an extension's content scripts to need data managed by another part of the extension, like the service worker. Much like two browser windows opened to the same web page, these two contexts cannot directly access each other's values. Instead, the extension can use message passing to coordinate across these different contexts.

In this example, the content script needs some data from the extension's service worker to initialize its UI. To get this data, it passes the developer-defined get-user-data message to the service worker, and it responds with a copy of the user's information.

content.js:

// 1. Send a message to the service worker requesting the user's data
chrome.runtime.sendMessage('get-user-data', (response) => {
  // 3. Got an asynchronous response with the data from the service worker
  console.log('received user data', response);
  initializeUI(response);
});

service-worker.js:

// Example of a simple user data object
const user = {
  username: 'demo-user'
};

chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener((message, sender, sendResponse) => {
  // 2. A page requested user data, respond with a copy of `user`
  if (message === 'get-user-data') {
    sendResponse(user);
  }
});

Many extensions use post-uninstall surveys to understand how the extension could better serve its users and improve retention. The following example shows how to add this functionality.

background.js:

chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(details => {
  if (details.reason === chrome.runtime.OnInstalledReason.INSTALL) {
    chrome.runtime.setUninstallURL('https://example.com/extension-survey');
  }
});

See the Manifest V3 - Web Accessible Resources demo for more Runtime API examples.

A filter to match against certain extension contexts. Matching contexts must match all specified filters; any filter that is not specified matches all available contexts. Thus, a filter of `{}` will match all available contexts.

• contextIds

  string[] optional

• documentIds

  string[] optional

• documentOrigins

  string[] optional

• documentUrls

  string[] optional

• frameIds

  number[] optional

• incognito

  boolean optional

• windowIds

  number[] optional

"TAB"
Specifies the context type as a tab

A context hosting extension content.

• A unique identifier for this context

• The type of context this corresponds to.

• documentId

  string optional

  A UUID for the document associated with this context, or undefined if this context is hosted not in a document.

• documentOrigin

  string optional

  The origin of the document associated with this context, or undefined if the context is not hosted in a document.

• documentUrl

  string optional

  The URL of the document associated with this context, or undefined if the context is not hosted in a document.

• The ID of the frame for this context, or -1 if this context is not hosted in a frame.

• Whether the context is associated with an incognito profile.

• The ID of the tab for this context, or -1 if this context is not hosted in a tab.

• The ID of the window for this context, or -1 if this context is not hosted in a window.

An object containing information about the script context that sent a message or request.

• documentId

  string optional

  A UUID of the document that opened the connection.

• documentLifecycle

  string optional

  The lifecycle the document that opened the connection is in at the time the port was created. Note that the lifecycle state of the document may have changed since port creation.

• The frame that opened the connection. 0 for top-level frames, positive for child frames. This will only be set when tab is set.

• The ID of the extension that opened the connection, if any.

• nativeApplication

  string optional

  The name of the native application that opened the connection, if any.

• The origin of the page or frame that opened the connection. It can vary from the url property (e.g., about:blank) or can be opaque (e.g., sandboxed iframes). This is useful for identifying if the origin can be trusted if we can't immediately tell from the URL.

• The tabs.Tab which opened the connection, if any. This property will only be present when the connection was opened from a tab (including content scripts), and only if the receiver is an extension, not an app.

• tlsChannelId

  string optional

  The TLS channel ID of the page or frame that opened the connection, if requested by the extension, and if available.

• The URL of the page or frame that opened the connection. If the sender is in an iframe, it will be iframe's URL not the URL of the page which hosts it.

The reason that this event is being dispatched.

"install"
Specifies the event reason as an installation.

The reason that the event is being dispatched. 'app_update' is used when the restart is needed because the application is updated to a newer version. 'os_update' is used when the restart is needed because the browser/OS is updated to a newer version. 'periodic' is used when the system runs for more than the permitted uptime set in the enterprise policy.

"app_update"
Specifies the event reason as an update to the app.

The machine's processor architecture.

"arm"
Specifies the processer architecture as arm.

An object containing information about the current platform.

• The machine's processor architecture.

• The native client architecture. This may be different from arch on some platforms.

• The operating system Chrome is running on.

The native client architecture. This may be different from arch on some platforms.

"arm"
Specifies the native client architecture as arm.

The operating system Chrome is running on.

"mac"
Specifies the MacOS operating system.

An object which allows two way communication with other pages. See Long-lived connections for more information.

• The name of the port, as specified in the call to runtime.connect.

• onDisconnect

  Event<functionvoidvoid>

  Fired when the port is disconnected from the other end(s). runtime.lastError may be set if the port was disconnected by an error. If the port is closed via disconnect, then this event is only fired on the other end. This event is fired at most once (see also Port lifetime).

  The onDisconnect.addListener function looks like:

  (callback: function) => {...}

  • The callback parameter looks like:

    (port: Port) => void

• onMessage

  Event<functionvoidvoid>

  This event is fired when postMessage is called by the other end of the port.

  The onMessage.addListener function looks like:

  (callback: function) => {...}

  • The callback parameter looks like:

    (message: any, port: Port) => void

• This property will only be present on ports passed to onConnect / onConnectExternal / onConnectNative listeners.

• Immediately disconnect the port. Calling disconnect() on an already-disconnected port has no effect. When a port is disconnected, no new events will be dispatched to this port.

  The disconnect function looks like:

  () => {...}

• Send a message to the other end of the port. If the port is disconnected, an error is thrown.

  The postMessage function looks like:

  (message: any) => {...}

  • The message to send. This object should be JSON-ifiable.

Result of the update check.

"throttled"
Specifies that the status check has been throttled. This can occur after repeated checks within a short amount of time.

The ID of the extension/app.

Populated with an error message if calling an API function fails; otherwise undefined. This is only defined within the scope of that function's callback. If an error is produced, but runtime.lastError is not accessed within the callback, a message is logged to the console listing the API function that produced the error. API functions that return promises do not set this property.

• Details about the error which occurred.

chrome.runtime.connect(
  extensionId?: string,
  connectInfo?: object,
)

Attempts to connect listeners within an extension (such as the background page), or other extensions/apps. This is useful for content scripts connecting to their extension processes, inter-app/extension communication, and web messaging. Note that this does not connect to any listeners in a content script. Extensions may connect to content scripts embedded in tabs via tabs.connect.

• extensionId

  string optional

  The ID of the extension to connect to. If omitted, a connection will be attempted with your own extension. Required if sending messages from a web page for web messaging.

• connectInfo

  object optional

  • includeTlsChannelId

    boolean optional

    Whether the TLS channel ID will be passed into onConnectExternal for processes that are listening for the connection event.

  • Will be passed into onConnect for processes that are listening for the connection event.

• Port through which messages can be sent and received. The port's onDisconnect event is fired if the extension does not exist.

chrome.runtime.connectNative(
  application: string,
)

Connects to a native application in the host machine. This method requires the "nativeMessaging" permission. See Native Messaging for more information.

• The name of the registered application to connect to.

• Port through which messages can be sent and received with the application

Promise Foreground only Deprecated since Chrome 133

chrome.runtime.getBackgroundPage(
  callback?: function,
)

Background pages do not exist in MV3 extensions.

Retrieves the JavaScript 'window' object for the background page running inside the current extension/app. If the background page is an event page, the system will ensure it is loaded before calling the callback. If there is no background page, an error is set.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (backgroundPage?: Window) => void

  • backgroundPage

    Window optional

    The JavaScript 'window' object for the background page.

• Promise<Window | undefined>

  Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.getContexts(
  filter: ContextFilter,
  callback?: function,
)

Fetches information about active contexts associated with this extension

• A filter to find matching contexts. A context matches if it matches all specified fields in the filter. Any unspecified field in the filter matches all contexts.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (contexts: ExtensionContext[]) => void

  • The matching contexts, if any.

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.getManifest()

Returns details about the app or extension from the manifest. The object returned is a serialization of the full manifest file.

• The manifest details.

chrome.runtime.getPackageDirectoryEntry(
  callback?: function,
)

Returns a DirectoryEntry for the package directory.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (directoryEntry: DirectoryEntry) => void

  • directoryEntry

    DirectoryEntry

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.getPlatformInfo(
  callback?: function,
)

Returns information about the current platform.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (platformInfo: PlatformInfo) => void

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.getURL(
  path: string,
)

Converts a relative path within an app/extension install directory to a fully-qualified URL.

• A path to a resource within an app/extension expressed relative to its install directory.

• The fully-qualified URL to the resource.

chrome.runtime.openOptionsPage(
  callback?: function,
)

Open your Extension's options page, if possible.

The precise behavior may depend on your manifest's options_ui or options_page key, or what Chrome happens to support at the time. For example, the page may be opened in a new tab, within chrome://extensions, within an App, or it may just focus an open options page. It will never cause the caller page to reload.

If your Extension does not declare an options page, or Chrome failed to create one for some other reason, the callback will set lastError.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.reload()

Reloads the app or extension. This method is not supported in kiosk mode. For kiosk mode, use chrome.runtime.restart() method.

chrome.runtime.requestUpdateCheck(
  callback?: function,
)

Requests an immediate update check be done for this app/extension.

Important: Most extensions/apps should not use this method, since Chrome already does automatic checks every few hours, and you can listen for the runtime.onUpdateAvailable event without needing to call requestUpdateCheck.

This method is only appropriate to call in very limited circumstances, such as if your extension talks to a backend service, and the backend service has determined that the client extension version is very far out of date and you'd like to prompt a user to update. Most other uses of requestUpdateCheck, such as calling it unconditionally based on a repeating timer, probably only serve to waste client, network, and server resources.

Note: When called with a callback, instead of returning an object this function will return the two properties as separate arguments passed to the callback.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (result: object) => void

  • RequestUpdateCheckResult object that holds the status of the update check and any details of the result if there is an update available

    • Result of the update check.

    • If an update is available, this contains the version of the available update.

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.restart()

Restart the ChromeOS device when the app runs in kiosk mode. Otherwise, it's no-op.

chrome.runtime.restartAfterDelay(
  seconds: number,
  callback?: function,
)

Restart the ChromeOS device when the app runs in kiosk mode after the given seconds. If called again before the time ends, the reboot will be delayed. If called with a value of -1, the reboot will be cancelled. It's a no-op in non-kiosk mode. It's only allowed to be called repeatedly by the first extension to invoke this API.

• Time to wait in seconds before rebooting the device, or -1 to cancel a scheduled reboot.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.sendMessage(
  extensionId?: string,
  message: any,
  options?: object,
  callback?: function,
)

Sends a single message to event listeners within your extension or a different extension/app. Similar to runtime.connect but only sends a single message, with an optional response. If sending to your extension, the runtime.onMessage event will be fired in every frame of your extension (except for the sender's frame), or runtime.onMessageExternal, if a different extension. Note that extensions cannot send messages to content scripts using this method. To send messages to content scripts, use tabs.sendMessage.

• extensionId

  string optional

  The ID of the extension to send the message to. If omitted, the message will be sent to your own extension/app. Required if sending messages from a web page for web messaging.

• The message to send. This message should be a JSON-ifiable object.

• • includeTlsChannelId

    boolean optional

    Whether the TLS channel ID will be passed into onMessageExternal for processes that are listening for the connection event.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (response: any) => void

  • The JSON response object sent by the handler of the message. If an error occurs while connecting to the extension, the callback will be called with no arguments and runtime.lastError will be set to the error message.

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.sendNativeMessage(
  application: string,
  message: object,
  callback?: function,
)

Send a single message to a native application. This method requires the "nativeMessaging" permission.

• The name of the native messaging host.

• The message that will be passed to the native messaging host.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  (response: any) => void

  • The response message sent by the native messaging host. If an error occurs while connecting to the native messaging host, the callback will be called with no arguments and runtime.lastError will be set to the error message.

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.setUninstallURL(
  url: string,
  callback?: function,
)

Sets the URL to be visited upon uninstallation. This may be used to clean up server-side data, do analytics, and implement surveys. Maximum 1023 characters.

• URL to be opened after the extension is uninstalled. This URL must have an http: or https: scheme. Set an empty string to not open a new tab upon uninstallation.

• callback

  function optional

  The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

• Promises are supported in Manifest V3 and later, but callbacks are provided for backward compatibility. You cannot use both on the same function call. The promise resolves with the same type that is passed to the callback.

chrome.runtime.onBrowserUpdateAvailable.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Please use runtime.onRestartRequired.

Fired when a Chrome update is available, but isn't installed immediately because a browser restart is required.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

chrome.runtime.onConnect.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a connection is made from either an extension process or a content script (by runtime.connect).

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (port: Port) => void

chrome.runtime.onConnectExternal.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a connection is made from another extension (by runtime.connect), or from an externally connectable web site.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (port: Port) => void

chrome.runtime.onConnectNative.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a connection is made from a native application. This event requires the "nativeMessaging" permission. It is only supported on Chrome OS.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (port: Port) => void

chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when the extension is first installed, when the extension is updated to a new version, and when Chrome is updated to a new version.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (details: object) => void

  • • Indicates the ID of the imported shared module extension which updated. This is present only if 'reason' is 'shared_module_update'.

    • previousVersion

      string optional

      Indicates the previous version of the extension, which has just been updated. This is present only if 'reason' is 'update'.

    • The reason that this event is being dispatched.

chrome.runtime.onMessage.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a message is sent from either an extension process (by runtime.sendMessage) or a content script (by tabs.sendMessage).

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (message: any, sender: MessageSender, sendResponse: function) => boolean | undefined

  • The sendResponse parameter looks like:

    () => void

  • returns

    boolean | undefined

chrome.runtime.onMessageExternal.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a message is sent from another extension (by runtime.sendMessage). Cannot be used in a content script.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (message: any, sender: MessageSender, sendResponse: function) => boolean | undefined

  • The sendResponse parameter looks like:

    () => void

  • returns

    boolean | undefined

chrome.runtime.onRestartRequired.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when an app or the device that it runs on needs to be restarted. The app should close all its windows at its earliest convenient time to let the restart to happen. If the app does nothing, a restart will be enforced after a 24-hour grace period has passed. Currently, this event is only fired for Chrome OS kiosk apps.

chrome.runtime.onStartup.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a profile that has this extension installed first starts up. This event is not fired when an incognito profile is started, even if this extension is operating in 'split' incognito mode.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

chrome.runtime.onSuspend.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Sent to the event page just before it is unloaded. This gives the extension opportunity to do some clean up. Note that since the page is unloading, any asynchronous operations started while handling this event are not guaranteed to complete. If more activity for the event page occurs before it gets unloaded the onSuspendCanceled event will be sent and the page won't be unloaded.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

chrome.runtime.onSuspendCanceled.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Sent after onSuspend to indicate that the app won't be unloaded after all.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  () => void

chrome.runtime.onUpdateAvailable.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when an update is available, but isn't installed immediately because the app is currently running. If you do nothing, the update will be installed the next time the background page gets unloaded, if you want it to be installed sooner you can explicitly call chrome.runtime.reload(). If your extension is using a persistent background page, the background page of course never gets unloaded, so unless you call chrome.runtime.reload() manually in response to this event the update will not get installed until the next time Chrome itself restarts. If no handlers are listening for this event, and your extension has a persistent background page, it behaves as if chrome.runtime.reload() is called in response to this event.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (details: object) => void

  • • The version number of the available update.

chrome.runtime.onUserScriptConnect.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a connection is made from a user script from this extension.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (port: Port) => void

chrome.runtime.onUserScriptMessage.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a message is sent from a user script associated with the same extension.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (message: any, sender: MessageSender, sendResponse: function) => boolean | undefined

  • The sendResponse parameter looks like:

    () => void

  • returns

    boolean | undefined

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2024-02-06 UTC.

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