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chrome.commands | API | Chrome for Developers

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Use the commands API to add keyboard shortcuts that trigger actions in your extension, for example, an action to open the browser action or send a command to the extension.

The following keys must be declared in the manifest to use this API.

The Commands API allows extension developers to define specific commands, and bind them to a default key combination. Each command an extension accepts must be declared as properties of the "commands" object in the extension's manifest.

The property key is used as the command's name. Command objects can take two properties.

suggested_key

An optional property that declares default keyboard shortcuts for the command. If omitted, the command will be unbound. This property can either take a string or an object value.

• A string value specifies the default keyboard shortcut that should be used across all platforms.

• An object value allows the extension developer to customize the keyboard shortcut for each platform. When providing platform-specific shortcuts, valid object properties are default, chromeos, linux, mac, and windows.

See Key combination requirements for additional details.

description

A string used to provide the user with a short description of the command's purpose. This string appears in extension keyboard shortcut management UI. Descriptions are required for standard commands, but are ignored for Action commands.

An extension can have many commands, but may specify at most four suggested keyboard shortcuts. The user can manually add more shortcuts from the chrome://extensions/shortcuts dialog.

The following keys are usable command shortcuts. Key definitions are case sensitive. Attempting to load an extension with an incorrectly cased key will result in a manifest parse error at installation time.

Alpha keys

A … Z

Numeric keys

0 … 9

Standard key strings

General–Comma, Period, Home, End, PageUp, PageDown, Space, Insert, Delete

Arrow keys–Up, Down, Left, Right

Media Keys–MediaNextTrack, MediaPlayPause, MediaPrevTrack, MediaStop

Modifier key strings

Ctrl, Alt, Shift, MacCtrl (macOS only), Command (macOS only), Search (ChromeOS only)

• Extension command shortcuts must include either Ctrl or Alt.

  • Modifiers cannot be used in combination with Media Keys.

  • On many macOS keyboards, Alt refers to the Option key.

  • On macOS, Command or MacCtrl can also be used in place of Ctrl or Alt (see next bullet point).

• On macOS Ctrl is automatically converted into Command.

  • Command can also be used in the "mac" shortcut to explicitly refer to the Command key.

  • To use the Control key on macOS, replace Ctrl with MacCtrl when defining the "mac" shortcut.

  • Using MacCtrl in the combination for another platform will cause a validation error and prevent the extension from being installed.

• Shift is an optional modifier on all platforms.

• Search is an optional modifier exclusive to ChromeOS.

• Certain operating system and Chrome shortcuts (e.g. window management) always take priority over Extension command shortcuts and cannot be overridden.

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "My extension",
  ...
  "commands": {
    "run-foo": {
      "suggested_key": {
        "default": "Ctrl+Shift+Y",
        "mac": "Command+Shift+Y"
      },
      "description": "Run \"foo\" on the current page."
    },
    "_execute_action": {
      "suggested_key": {
        "windows": "Ctrl+Shift+Y",
        "mac": "Command+Shift+Y",
        "chromeos": "Ctrl+Shift+U",
        "linux": "Ctrl+Shift+J"
      }
    }
  },
  ...
}

In your service worker, you can bind a handler to each of the commands defined in the manifest using onCommand.addListener. For example:

service-worker.js:

chrome.commands.onCommand.addListener((command) => {
  console.log(`Command: ${command}`);
});

The _execute_action (Manifest V3), _execute_browser_action (Manifest V2), and _execute_page_action (Manifest V2) commands are reserved for the action of trigger your action, browser action, or page action respectively. These commands don't dispatch command.onCommand events like standard commands.

If you need to take action based on your popup opening, consider listening for a DOMContentLoaded event inside your popup's JavaScript.

By default, commands are scoped to the Chrome browser. This means that when the browser does not have focus, command shortcuts are inactive. Beginning in Chrome 35, extension developers can optionally mark a command as "global". Global commands also work while Chrome does not have focus.

Keyboard shortcut suggestions for global commands are limited to Ctrl+Shift+[0..9]. This is a protective measure to minimize the risk of overriding shortcuts in other applications since if, for example, Alt+P were to be allowed as global, the keyboard shortcut for opening a print dialog might not work in other applications.

End users are free to remap global commands to their preferred key combination using the UI exposed at chrome://extensions/shortcuts.

Example:

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "My extension",
  ...
  "commands": {
    "toggle-feature-foo": {
      "suggested_key": {
        "default": "Ctrl+Shift+5"
      },
      "description": "Toggle feature foo",
      "global": true
    }
  },
  ...
}

The following examples flex the core functionality of the Commands API.

Commands allow extensions to map logic to keyboard shortcuts that can be invoked by the user. At its most basic, a command only requires a command declaration in the extension's manifest and a listener registration as shown in the following example.

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "Command demo - basic",
  "version": "1.0",
  "manifest_version": 3,
  "background": {
    "service_worker": "service-worker.js"
  },
  "commands": {
    "inject-script": {
      "suggested_key": "Ctrl+Shift+Y",
      "description": "Inject a script on the page"
    }
  }
}

service-worker.js:

chrome.commands.onCommand.addListener((command) => {
  console.log(`Command "${command}" triggered`);
});

As described in the Concepts and usage section, you can also map a command to an extension's action. The following example injects a content script that shows an alert on the current page when the user either clicks the extension's action or triggers the keyboard shortcut.

manifest.json:

{
  "name": "Commands demo - action invocation",
  "version": "1.0",
  "manifest_version": 3,
  "background": {
    "service_worker": "service-worker.js"
  },
  "permissions": ["activeTab", "scripting"],
  "action": {},
  "commands": {
    "_execute_action": {
      "suggested_key": {
        "default": "Ctrl+U",
        "mac": "Command+U"
      }
    }
  }
}

service-worker.js:

chrome.action.onClicked.addListener((tab) => {
  chrome.scripting.executeScript({
    target: {tabId: tab.id},
    func: contentScriptFunc,
    args: ['action'],
  });
});

function contentScriptFunc(name) {
  alert(`"${name}" executed`);
}

// This callback WILL NOT be called for "_execute_action"
chrome.commands.onCommand.addListener((command) => {
  console.log(`Command "${command}" called`);
});

If an extension attempts to register a shortcut that is already used by another extension, the second extension's shortcut won't register as expected. You can provide a more robust end user experience by anticipating this possibility and checking for collisions at install time.

service-worker.js:

chrome.runtime.onInstalled.addListener((details) => {
  if (details.reason === chrome.runtime.OnInstalledReason.INSTALL) {
    checkCommandShortcuts();
  }
});

// Only use this function during the initial install phase. After
// installation the user may have intentionally unassigned commands.
function checkCommandShortcuts() {
  chrome.commands.getAll((commands) => {
    let missingShortcuts = [];

    for (let {name, shortcut} of commands) {
      if (shortcut === '') {
        missingShortcuts.push(name);
      }
    }

    if (missingShortcuts.length > 0) {
      // Update the extension UI to inform the user that one or more
      // commands are currently unassigned.
    }
  });
}

• description

  string optional

  The Extension Command description

• The name of the Extension Command

• The shortcut active for this command, or blank if not active.

chrome.commands.getAll(): Promise<Command[]>

Returns all the registered extension commands for this extension and their shortcut (if active). Before Chrome 110, this command did not return _execute_action.

chrome.commands.onCommand.addListener(
  callback: function,
)

Fired when a registered command is activated using a keyboard shortcut.

• The callback parameter looks like:

  (command: string, tab?: tabs.Tab) => void

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-11 UTC.

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