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Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/thread/thread/join/ below:

public member function

<thread>

std::thread::join

Join thread

The function returns when the thread execution has completed.

This synchronizes the moment this function returns with the completion of all the operations in the thread: This blocks the execution of the thread that calls this function until the function called on construction returns (if it hasn't yet).

After a call to this function, the thread object becomes non-joinable and can be destroyed safely.



Parameters none

Return value none

Example 
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// example for thread::join
#include <iostream>       // std::cout
#include <thread>         // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for
#include <chrono>         // std::chrono::seconds
 
void pause_thread(int n) 
{
  std::this_thread::sleep_for (std::chrono::seconds(n));
  std::cout << "pause of " << n << " seconds ended\n";
}
 
int main() 
{
  std::cout << "Spawning 3 threads...\n";
  std::thread t1 (pause_thread,1);
  std::thread t2 (pause_thread,2);
  std::thread t3 (pause_thread,3);
  std::cout << "Done spawning threads. Now waiting for them to join:\n";
  t1.join();
  t2.join();
  t3.join();
  std::cout << "All threads joined!\n";

  return 0;
}

Output (after 3 seconds): 
Spawning 3 threads...
Done spawning threads. Now waiting for them to join:
pause of 1 seconds ended
pause of 2 seconds ended
pause of 3 seconds ended
All threads joined!


Data races The object is modified.
Note that any operations on the thread object itself are not synchronized (unlike the operations within the thread it represents).

Exception safetyBasic guarantee: if an exception is thrown by this member function, the thread object is left in a valid state.

If the call fails, a system_error exception is thrown:



Note that if the thread represented by the object terminates with an uncaught exception, this cannot be caught by the current thread, and terminate() is automatically called.

See also
thread::detach
Detach thread (public member function)
thread::joinable
Check if joinable (public member function)

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