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Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/string/string/capacity/ below:

public member function

<string>

size_t capacity() const noexcept;

Return size of allocated storage

This capacity is not necessarily equal to the string length. It can be equal or greater, with the extra space allowing the object to optimize its operations when new characters are added to the string.

Notice that this capacity does not suppose a limit on the length of the string. When this capacity is exhausted and more is needed, it is automatically expanded by the object (reallocating it storage space). The theoretical limit on the length of a string is given by member max_size.

The capacity of a string can be altered any time the object is modified, even if this modification implies a reduction in size or if the capacity has not been exhausted (this is in contrast with the guarantees given to capacity in vector containers).

The capacity of a string can be explicitly altered by calling member reserve.

size_t is an unsigned integral type (the same as member type string::size_type).

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// comparing size, length, capacity and max_size
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main ()
{
  std::string str ("Test string");
  std::cout << "size: " << str.size() << "\n";
  std::cout << "length: " << str.length() << "\n";
  std::cout << "capacity: " << str.capacity() << "\n";
  std::cout << "max_size: " << str.max_size() << "\n";
  return 0;
}

size: 11
length: 11
capacity: 15
max_size: 429496729

string::reserve

Request a change in capacity (public member function)

string::length

Return length of string (public member function)

string::size

Return length of string (public member function)

string::max_size

Return maximum size of string (public member function)

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