Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/string/basic_string/back/ below:
public member function
<string>
std::basic_string::back
charT& back();const charT& back() const;
Access last character
Returns a reference to the last character of the basic_string.
This function shall not be called on empty strings.
Parameters none
Return value A reference to the last character in the basic_string.
If the basic_string object is const-qualified, the function returns a const charT&. Otherwise, it returns a charT&.
charT is basic_string's character type (i.e., its first template parameter).
Example
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// string::back
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main ()
{
std::string str ("hello world.");
str.back() = '!';
std::cout << str << '\n';
return 0;
}
Output:
Complexity Constant.
Iterator validity No changes.
Data races The container is accessed (neither the const nor the non-const versions modify the container).
The reference returned can be used to access or modify characters. Concurrently accessing or modifying different characters is safe.
Exception safety If the basic_string is not empty, the function never throws exceptions (no-throw guarantee).
Otherwise, it causes undefined behavior.
See also
-
basic_string::front
-
Access first character (public member function)
-
basic_string::push_back
-
Append character to string (public member function)
-
basic_string::pop_back
-
Delete last character (public member function)
-
basic_string::at
-
Get character of string (public member function)
-
basic_string::operator[]
-
Get character of string (public member function)
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