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Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/functional/plus/ below:

class template

<functional>

template <class T> struct plus;

Addition function object class

Generically, function objects are instances of a class with member function operator() defined. This member function allows the object to be used with the same syntax as a function call.

It is defined with the same behavior as:

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template <class T> struct plus : binary_function <T,T,T> {
  T operator() (const T& x, const T& y) const {return x+y;}
};

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template <class T> struct plus {
  T operator() (const T& x, const T& y) const {return x+y;}
  typedef T first_argument_type;
  typedef T second_argument_type;
  typedef T result_type;
};

T

Type of the arguments and return type of the functional call.
The type shall support the operation (operator+).

T operator() (const T& x, const T& y)

Member function returning the sum of its two arguments (x+y).

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// plus example
#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <functional>   // std::plus
#include <algorithm>    // std::transform

int main () {
  int first[]={1,2,3,4,5};
  int second[]={10,20,30,40,50};
  int results[5];
  std::transform (first, first+5, second, results, std::plus<int>());
  for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
	std::cout << results[i] << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
  return 0;
}

minus

Subtraction function object class (class template)

multiplies

Multiplication function object class (class template)

divides

Division function object class (class template)

modulus

Modulus function object class (class template)

negate

Negative function object class (class template)

equal_to

Function object class for equality comparison (class template)

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