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Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/functional/hash/ below:

class template

<functional>

std::hash 
template <class T> struct hash;

Default hash function object class

Unary function object class that defines the default hash function used by the standard library.

The functional call returns a hash value of its argument: A hash value is a value that depends solely on its argument, returning always the same value for the same argument (for a given execution of a program). The value returned shall have a small likelihood of being the same as the one returned for a different argument (with chances of collision approaching 1/numeric_limits<size_t>::max).

Other function object types can be used as Hash for unordered containers provided they behave as defined above and they are at least copy-constructible, destructible function objects.

The default hash is a template class that is not defined for the general case. But all library implementations provide at least the following type-specific specializations:


Apart from being callable with an argument of the appropriate types, all objects of hash instantiations are default-constructible, copy-constructible, copy-assignable, destructible and swappable.

Users can provide custom specializations for this template with these same properties.



Member types member type definition notes result_type size_t The type of the hash values produced. argument_type T The type of the values taken as argument.
Member functions
operator()
Returns a hash value for its argument, as a value of type size_t.
size_t is an unsigned integral type.

Example 
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// hash example
#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <string>

int main ()
{
  char nts1[] = "Test";
  char nts2[] = "Test";
  std::string str1 (nts1);
  std::string str2 (nts2);

  std::hash<char*> ptr_hash;
  std::hash<std::string> str_hash;

  std::cout << "same hashes:\n" << std::boolalpha;
  std::cout << "nts1 and nts2: " << (ptr_hash(nts1)==ptr_hash(nts2)) << '\n';
  std::cout << "str1 and str2: " << (str_hash(str1)==str_hash(str2)) << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output: 
same hashes:
nts1 and nts2: false
str1 and str2: true


Exception safetyNo-throw guarantee: no members throw exceptions (this applies to the specializations provided in the library implementation). Custom specializations may provide different guarantees.

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