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Showing content from https://cplusplus.com/reference/cstdlib/atof/ below:

function

atof

double atof (const char* str);

Convert string to double

Parses the C string str, interpreting its content as a floating point number and returns its value as a double.

The function first discards as many whitespace characters (as in isspace) as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes as many characters as possible that are valid following a syntax resembling that of floating point literals (see below), and interprets them as a numerical value. The rest of the string after the last valid character is ignored and has no effect on the behavior of this function.

A valid floating point number for atof using the "C" locale is formed by an optional sign character (+ or -), followed by a sequence of digits, optionally containing a decimal-point character (.), optionally followed by an exponent part (an e or E character followed by an optional sign and a sequence of digits).

A valid floating point number for

atof

using the

"C"

locale is formed by an optional sign character (

+

-

), followed by one of:

- A sequence of digits, optionally containing a decimal-point character (

.

), optionally followed by an exponent part (an

e

E

character followed by an optional sign and a sequence of digits).

- A

0x

0X

prefix, then a sequence of hexadecimal digits (as in

isxdigit

) optionally containing a period which separates the whole and fractional number parts. Optionally followed by a power of 2 exponent (a

p

P

character followed by an optional sign and a sequence of hexadecimal digits).

INF

INFINITY

(ignoring case).

NAN

NANsequence

(ignoring case), where

sequence

is a sequence of characters, where each character is either an alphanumeric character (as in

isalnum

) or the underscore character (

_

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str does not form a valid floating-point number as just defined, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed and the function returns 0.0.

Parameters

str: C-string beginning with the representation of a floating-point number.

Return Value On success, the function returns the converted floating point number as a double value.
If no valid conversion could be performed, the function returns zero (0.0).
If the converted value would be out of the range of representable values by a double, it causes undefined behavior. See strtod for a more robust cross-platform alternative when this is a possibility.

Example

/* atof example: sine calculator */
#include <stdio.h>      /* printf, fgets */
#include <stdlib.h>     /* atof */
#include <math.h>       /* sin */

int main ()
{
  double n,m;
  double pi=3.1415926535;
  char buffer[256];
  printf ("Enter degrees: ");
  fgets (buffer,256,stdin);
  n = atof (buffer);
  m = sin (n*pi/180);
  printf ("The sine of %f degrees is %f\n" , n, m);
  return 0;
}

Output:

Enter degrees: 45
The sine of 45.000000 degrees is 0.707101

Data races The array pointed by str is accessed.

Exceptions (C++)No-throw guarantee: this function never throws exceptions.

If str does not point to a valid C-string, or if the converted value would be out of the range of values representable by a double, it causes undefined behavior.