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Use gRPC client-side metrics | Cloud Storage

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This page describes how to emit gRPC client-side metrics to Cloud Monitoring when you use gRPC to interact with Cloud Storage using one of the following supported interfaces:

• Cloud Storage C++ client library

• Cloud Storage Go client library

• Cloud Storage Java client library, version 2.41.0 and later

• Apache Beam connector on Dataflow, version 2.2.26 and later

• Cloud Storage connector on Dataproc

Client-side metrics can be used to monitor the performance of the client application that interacts with Cloud Storage using gRPC. The client-side metric differs from server-side metrics, which provide insight on Cloud Storage performance from the server-side perspective.

You can opt in to emit client-side metrics to Cloud Monitoring when using gRPC to interact with Cloud Storage using one of the supported interfaces. You can view client-side metrics using the Metrics Explorer to help you monitor and optimize interactions between Cloud Storage and the gRPC client, manage usage, and troubleshoot performance bottlenecks and technical issues.

Cloud Storage client-side metrics are non-chargeable, meaning you can emit, store, and access Cloud Storage client-side metrics without incurring Cloud Monitoring charges. For more information about pricing, refer to Google Cloud Observability pricing.

To use client-side metrics, you must first complete the following steps:

1. Verify that the Cloud Storage client library or connector you want to use supports gRPC. The following Cloud Storage client libraries and connectors support gRPC:

   • C++, Java, or Go client library

   • Apache Beam IO on Dataflow

   • Cloud Storage connector on Dataproc

2. Set up authentication.

3. Enable the Cloud Monitoring API.

4. Enable the Cloud Storage API.

   Go to Cloud Storage API

5. Set the required roles and permissions needed to emit client-side metrics.

To set the permissions that you need to emit gRPC client-side metrics to Cloud Monitoring, grant the Monitoring Metric Writer (roles/monitoring.metricWriter) IAM role on the service account used by the gRPC client.

This predefined role contains the permissions required to emit gRPC client-side metrics to Cloud Monitoring. To see the exact permissions that are required, refer to the Required permissions section:

• monitoring.timeSeries.create

This IAM permission is included in the following Cloud Storage predefined roles:

• Storage Admin (roles/storage.admin)
• Storage Object Admin (roles/storage.objectAdmin)
• Storage Object User (roles/storage.objectUser)

You might also be able to get these permissions with other custom roles or predefined roles. For more information about the Monitoring Metric Writer role, see IAM documentation about roles/monitoring.metricWriter.

• If you're using Cloud Storage connector on Dataproc, you need to grant the Monitoring Metric Writer (roles/monitoring.metricWriter) IAM role to the Dataproc virtual machine (VM) service account.

• If you're using Apache Beam connector on Dataflow, you need to grant the Monitoring Metric Writer (roles/monitoring.metricWriter) IAM role to the Dataflow worker service account.

Use the following instructions to view Cloud Storage gRPC client-side metrics in the Metrics Explorer.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Metrics Explorer page.

   Go to Metrics Explorer

2. Select the project you want to view metrics for.

3. From the Metric drop-down menu, click Select a metric.

4. In the Filter by resource or metric name search bar, enter storage.googleapis.com/Client or search for the metric you want to apply by metric name and click Apply. To add more than one metric, click Add query.

   Cloud Storage applies the metrics to your project. You can filter or aggregate your metrics using the following drop-down menus:

   • To select and view a subset of your data based on specified criteria, use the Filter drop-down menu.

   • To combine multiple data points into a single value and see a summarized view of your metrics, use the Aggregation drop-down menu.

   Let your application run for at least a minute before you check for any published metrics.

To view the metrics you've added to your project using a dashboard, see Dashboards overview.

The following sections outline Cloud Storage client-side metrics that can be used to monitor the performance of the gRPC client.

The following metrics gather performance data about individual attempts made by a client to communicate with a server. Client per-attempt metrics can help you measure retry behavior, bottlenecks, and optimize communication between a client and server.

• grpc.method: the full gRPC method name, including package, service, and method.
• grpc.target: canonicalized target URI used when created gRPC channel.

• grpc.method: full gRPC method name, including package, service, and method.
• grpc.target: canonicalized target URI used when creating gRPC channel.
• grpc.status: gRPC server status code received, such as OK, CANCELLED, or DEADLINE_EXCEEDED.
• grpc.lb.locality: the locality the traffic is being sent to. This will be set to the resolver attribute passed down from the weighted_target policy, or the empty string if the resolver attribute is unset.

• grpc.method: full gRPC method name, including package, service, and method.
• grpc.target: canonicalized target URI used when creating gRPC channel.
• grpc.status: gRPC server status code received, such as OK, CANCELLED, or DEADLINE_EXCEEDED.
• grpc.lb.locality: the locality the traffic is being sent to. This will be set to the resolver attribute passed down from the weighted_target policy, or the empty string if the resolver attribute is unset.

• grpc.method: full gRPC method name, including package, service, and method.
• grpc.target: canonicalized target URI used when creating gRPC channel.
• grpc.status: gRPC server status code received, such as OK, CANCELLED, or DEADLINE_EXCEEDED.
• grpc.lb.locality: the locality the traffic is being sent to. This will be set to the resolver attribute passed down from the weighted_target policy, or the empty string if the resolver attribute is unset.

For more information about client per-attempt instruments, see OpenTelemetry metrics documentation in GitHub.

The following metrics provide an aggregated view of the entire lifecycle of a client call to a server. Client per-call metrics provide high-level data about client calls, provide tracking metrics to understand call patterns, and help you identify frequencies in errors.

• grpc.method: full gRPC method name, including package, service, and method.
• grpc.target: canonicalized target URI used when creating gRPC channel.
• grpc.status: gRPC server status code received such as OK, CANCELLED, or DEADLINE_EXCEEDED.

For more information about client per-call instruments, see OpenTelemetry metrics documentation in GitHub.

The following metrics provide insights on the effectiveness of your client application's use of request load sensing. Request load sensing metrics can help you balance server loads, optimize resource utilization, and improve client response times. The following metrics are only available with direct connectivity.

• grpc.target: indicates the target of the gRPC channel the WRR is used in.
• grpc.lb.rls.server_target: the target URI of the request load sensing server talks to.
• grpc.lb.rls.instance_uuid: a universally unique identifier (UUID) for an individual request load sensing client instance. The value isn't meaningful by itself, but it's useful for differentiating between request load sensing client instances in cases where there are either multiple instances in the same gRPC channel or where there are multiple channels to the same target.

• grpc.target: the target of the gRPC channel the WRR is used in.
• grpc.lb.rls.server_target: the target URI of the request load sensing server talks to.
• grpc.lb.rls.instance_uuid: a UUID for an individual request load sensing client instance. The value isn't meaningful by itself, but it's useful for differentiating between request load sensing client instances in cases where there are either multiple instances in the same gRPC channel or where there are multiple channels to the same target.

• grpc.target: indicates the target of the gRPC channel in which request load sensing is used.
• grpc.lb.rls.server_target: the target URI of the request load sensing server to talk to.
• grpc.lb.rls.data_plane_target: a target string used by request load sensing for routing data plane traffic. The value is either returned by the request load sensing server for a particular key or configured as the default target in the request load sensing config.
• grpc.lb.pick_result:the result of an LB pick, such as "complete", "fail", or "drop".

• grpc.target: the target of the gRPC channel in which request load sensing is used.
• grpc.lb.rls.server_target: the target URI of the request load sensing server to talk to.
• grpc.lb.rls.data_plane_target: a target string used by request load sensing for routing data plane traffic. The value is either returned by the request load sensing server for a particular key or configured as the default target in the request load sensing config.
• grpc.lb.pick_result: the result of an LB pick such as "complete", "fail", or "drop".

• grpc.target: the target of the gRPC channel in which request load sensing is used.
• grpc.lb.rls.server_target: the target URI of the request load sensing server to talk to.

The following metrics provide insights on how your client application interacts with the xDiscovery Service (xDS) control plane to discover and configure connections to backend services. xDS metrics can help you track service request latency, monitor configuration updates, and optimize overall xDS performance.

The following metrics are only available with direct connectivity.

• grpc.target: for clients, indicates the target of the gRPC channel the XdsClient is used in. For servers, will be the string "#server".
• grpc.xds.server: the target URI of the xDS server the XdsClient is communicating with.

• grpc.target: for clients, indicates the target of the gRPC channel in which the XdsClient is used. For servers, will be the string "#server".
• grpc.xds.server: the target URI of the xDS server the XdsClient is communicating with.
• grpc.xds.resource_type: indicates an xDS resource type, such as "envoy.config.listener.v3.Listener".

• grpc.target: for clients, indicates the target of the gRPC channel in which the XdsClient is used. For servers, will be the string "#server".
• grpc.xds.server: the target URI of the xDS server the XdsClient is communicating with.
• grpc.xds.resource_type: indicates an xDS resource type, such as "envoy.config.listener.v3.Listener".

• grpc.target: for clients, indicates the target of the gRPC channel in which the XdsClient is used. For servers, will be the string "#server".
• grpc.xds.authority: the xDS authority. The value will be "#old" for non-xdstp resource names which were identified in the xDS API, before the introduction of the xdstp:// URI representation.
• grpc.xds.cache_state: indicates the cache state of an xDS resource.
• grpc.xds.resource_type indicates an xDS resource type, such as "envoy.config.listener.v3.Listener".

• grpc.target: the target URI of the xDS server with the XdsClient is communicating with.
• grpc.xds.server: for clients, this indicates the target of the gRPC channel in which the XdsClient is used. For servers, this is the string "#server".

For more information about xDS client metrics, see the xDS-Based global load balancing documentation in GitHub.

You can opt out of client-side metrics if needed.

• Learn more about observability in Google Cloud.

• Learn how to add custom traces and metrics to your application.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-10-02 UTC.

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