Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/postgres/flags below:

Configure database flags | Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences.

This page describes how to configure database flags for Cloud SQL, and lists the flags that you can set for your instance. You use database flags for many operations, including adjusting PostgreSQL parameters, adjusting options, and configuring and tuning an instance.

In some cases, setting one flag may require that you set another flag to fully enable the functionality you want to use.

When you set, remove, or modify a flag for a database instance, the database might be restarted. The flag value is then persisted for the instance until you remove it. If the instance is the source of a replica, and the instance is restarted, the replica is also restarted to align with the current configuration of the instance.

The following sections cover common flag management tasks.

1. In the Google Cloud console, select the project that contains the Cloud SQL instance for which you want to set a database flag.
2. Open the instance and click Edit.
3. Go to the Flags section.
4. To set a flag that has not been set on the instance before, click Add item, choose the flag from the drop-down menu, and set its value.
5. Click Save to save your changes.
6. Confirm your changes under Flags on the Overview page.

Edit the instance:

gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME --database-flags=FLAG1=VALUE1,FLAG2=VALUE2

This command will overwrite all database flags previously set. To keep those and add new ones, include the values for all flags you want set on the instance; any flag not specifically included is set to its default value. For flags that don't take a value, specify the flag name followed by an equals sign ("=").

For example, to set the log_connections and log_min_error_statement flags, you can use the following command:

gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME \
  --database-flags=log_connections=on,log_min_error_statement=error

To add database flags, use a Terraform resource.

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

1. Launch Cloud Shell.

2. Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

   You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.

   export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID

   Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

1. In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.

   mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf

2. If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

   Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

   Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.

3. Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
4. Save your changes.
5. Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.

   terraform init

   Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:

   terraform init -upgrade

1. Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:

   terraform plan

   Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.

2. Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform apply

   Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.

3. Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

To delete your changes, do the following:

1. To disable deletion protection, in your Terraform configuration file set the deletion_protection argument to false.

   deletion_protection =  "false"

2. Apply the updated Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform apply

1. Remove resources previously applied with your Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform destroy

To set a flag for an existing database:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

Request JSON body:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "databaseFlags":
    [
      {
        "name": "flag_name",
        "value": "flag_value"
      }
    ]
  }
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X PATCH \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "UPDATE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

If there are existing flags configured for the database, modify the previous command to include them. The PATCH command overwrites the existing flags with the ones specified in the request.

To set a flag for an existing database:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

Request JSON body:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "databaseFlags":
    [
      {
        "name": "flag_name",
        "value": "flag_value"
      }
    ]
  }
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X PATCH \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "UPDATE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

If there are existing flags configured for the database, modify the previous command to include them. The PATCH command overwrites the existing flags with the ones specified in the request.

1. In the Google Cloud console, select the project that contains the Cloud SQL instance for which you want to clear all flags.
2. Open the instance and click Edit.
3. Open the Database flags section.
4. Click the X next to all of the flags shown.
5. Click Save to save your changes.

Clear all flags to their default values on an instance:

gcloud sql instances patch INSTANCE_NAME \
--clear-database-flags

You are prompted to confirm that the instance will be restarted.

To clear all flags for an existing instance:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

Request JSON body:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "databaseFlags": []
  }
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X PATCH \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "UPDATE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

To clear all flags for an existing instance:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

PATCH https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

Request JSON body:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "databaseFlags": []
  }
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X PATCH \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method PATCH `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "UPDATE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

To view all current values of the PostgreSQL settings, log into your instance with the

client and enter the following statement:

 SELECT name, setting FROM pg_settings;

Note that you can change the value only for supported flags (as listed below).

To see which flags have been set for a Cloud SQL instance:

1. In the Google Cloud console, select the project that contains the Cloud SQL instance for which you want to see the database flags that have been set.
2. Select the instance to open its Instance Overview page.

   The database flags that have been set are listed under the Database flags section.

Get the instance state:

gcloud sql instances describe INSTANCE_NAME

In the output, database flags are listed under the settings as the collection databaseFlags. For more information about the representation of the flags in the output, see Instances Resource Representation.

To list flags configured for an instance:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "authorizedGaeApplications": [],
    "tier": "machine-type",
    "kind": "sql#settings",
    "availabilityType": "REGIONAL",
    "pricingPlan": "PER_USE",
    "replicationType": "SYNCHRONOUS",
    "activationPolicy": "ALWAYS",
    "ipConfiguration":
    {
      "privateNetwork": "projects/project-id/global/networks/default",
      "authorizedNetworks": [],
      "ipv4Enabled": false
    },
    "locationPreference":
    {
      "zone": "zone",
      "kind": "sql#locationPreference"
    },
    "databaseFlags": [
      {
        "name": "general_log",
        "value": "on"
      }
    ],
    "dataDiskType": "PD_SSD",
    "maintenanceWindow":
    {
      "kind": "sql#maintenanceWindow",
      "hour": 0,
      "day": 0
    },
    "backupConfiguration":
    {
      "startTime": "03:00",
      "kind": "sql#backupConfiguration",
      "enabled": true,
      "binaryLogEnabled": true
    },
    "settingsVersion": "54",
    "storageAutoResizeLimit": "0",
    "storageAutoResize": true,
    "dataDiskSizeGb": "10"
  }
}

In the output, look for the databaseFlags field.

To list flags configured for an instance:

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

• project-id: The project ID
• instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `

    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

{
  "settings":
  {
    "authorizedGaeApplications": [],
    "tier": "machine-type",
    "kind": "sql#settings",
    "availabilityType": "REGIONAL",
    "pricingPlan": "PER_USE",
    "replicationType": "SYNCHRONOUS",
    "activationPolicy": "ALWAYS",
    "ipConfiguration":
    {
      "privateNetwork": "projects/project-id/global/networks/default",
      "authorizedNetworks": [],
      "ipv4Enabled": false
    },
    "locationPreference":
    {
      "zone": "zone",
      "kind": "sql#locationPreference"
    },
    "databaseFlags": [
      {
        "name": "general_log",
        "value": "on"
      }
    ],
    "dataDiskType": "PD_SSD",
    "maintenanceWindow":
    {
      "kind": "sql#maintenanceWindow",
      "hour": 0,
      "day": 0
    },
    "backupConfiguration":
    {
      "startTime": "03:00",
      "kind": "sql#backupConfiguration",
      "enabled": true,
      "binaryLogEnabled": true
    },
    "settingsVersion": "54",
    "storageAutoResizeLimit": "0",
    "storageAutoResize": true,
    "dataDiskSizeGb": "10"
  }
}

In the output, look for the databaseFlags field.

Flags not mentioned below are not supported.

For a given flag, Cloud SQL might support a different value or range from the corresponding PostgreSQL parameter or option.

A | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | L | M | O | P | R | S | T | V | W

You specify time zones by name. For example, Europe/London is the timezone name for London.

You must update this flag manually, on the primary instance and on all read replicas, to account for it.

Timezone names are case insensitive. You can supply the timezone name in any case.

We support UTC+X as a valid format for this flag, where X is +/-HH:MM.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that is lower than the new value on the primary, or that have not been changed from the default value. Such changes on the primary cause the replica to restart.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that is lower than the new value on the primary, or that have not been changed from the default value. Such changes on the primary cause the replica to restart.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that's lower than the new value on the primary, or that haven't been changed from the default value.

If the value on the primary is default, then the value for the replicas can't be changed. To change the value for the replicas, first, set the value on the primary to an integer.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that's lower than the new value on the primary, or that haven't been changed from the default value.

If the value on the primary is default, then the value for the replicas can't be changed. To change the value for the replicas, first, set the value on the primary to an integer.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that's lower than the new value on the primary, or that haven't been changed from the default value.

If the value on the primary is default, then the value for the replicas can't be changed. To change the value for the replicas, first, set the value on the primary to an integer.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that is lower than the new value on the primary, or that have not been changed from the default value. Such changes on the primary cause the replica to restart.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that is lower than the new value on the primary, or that have not been changed from the default value. Such changes on the primary cause the replica to restart.

The unit is 16 MB (the WAL file size) for version 9.6 and 1 MB for PostgreSQL 10 and above.

The default value is 1504 MB if instance memory more than or equal to 3.75 GB. The default value is 1 GB if instance memory is less than 3.75 GB.

The value on replicas must be greater than or equal to the value on the primary. Changes on the primary propagate to replicas that have a value that is lower than the new value on the primary, or that have not been changed from the default value. Such changes on the primary cause the replica to restart.

The unit is 16 MB (the WAL file size) for version 9.6 and 1 MB for PostgreSQL 10 and above.

The default depends on the PostgreSQL version. For PostgreSQL versions 10 to 13, the default is md5. For PostgreSQL 14 and higher, the default is scram-sha-256.

You can provide multiple classes using a comma-separated list, and subtract a class by prefacing the class with a - sign. The default is none.

You specify time zones by name. For example, Europe/London is the timezone name for London.

You must update this flag manually, on the primary instance and on all read replicas, to account for it.

Timezone names are case insensitive. You can supply the timezone name in any case.

We support UTC+X as a valid format for this flag, where X is +/-HH.

This flag affects the WAL sender and receiver. If not appropriately set, this flag affects logical and physical replication. This flag also affects replication performance and latency. A value of zero disables the timeout mechanism. The unit is milliseconds.

This flag affects the WAL sender and receiver. If not appropriately set, this flag affects logical and physical replication. This flag also affects replication performance and latency. A value of zero disables the timeout mechanism. The unit is milliseconds.

PostgreSQL has a background writer (bgwriter) flag. This flag issues writes of new or modified shared buffers. These shared buffers are known as dirty buffers. When the number of clean shared buffers is insufficient, the background writer writes dirty buffers to the file system and marks them as clean.

Two flags associated with the bgwriter flag are bgwriter_delay and bgwriter_lru_maxpages. bgwriter_delay specifies the delay between activity rounds for the background writer in milliseconds (ms), and bgwriter_lru_maxpages specifies how many buffers will be written by the background writer.

The default value for the bgwriter flag is 200 ms. However, if you select a solid state drive (SSD) that's greater than 500 GB, then the value of the bgwriter_delay flag is set to 50, and the value of the bgwriter_lru_maxpages flag is set to 200.

For more information about the background writer, see the PostgreSQL documentation.

PostgreSQL has the session_replication_role flag, which is designed to be used for logical replication and lets you disable constraint triggers in individual sessions.

Sometimes this flag can also be used for some maintenance operations to circumvent constraint (most often Foreign Key) checks.

This flag can be set in a session by any user which has the REPLICATION property set. The REPLICATION property for any user can be set by cloudsqlsuperuser when one of flags cloudsql.enable_pglogical or cloudsql.logical_decoding is set for the instance.

This flag can not be set for the whole instance.

Connect to the database and set the database time zone to the one you want, either per user or per database.

In Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL, you can specify the following. These settings remain after a session is closed, mimicking a .conf configuration:

ALTER DATABASE dbname SET TIMEZONE TO 'timezone';
ALTER USER username SET TIMEZONE TO 'timezone';

These settings apply only to new connections to the database. To see the change to the time zone, disconnect from the instance and then reconnect to it.

• Learn more about PostgreSQL server configuration.
• Learn more about Operational Guidelines.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-07-02 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-07-02 UTC."],[],[]]

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.4