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Create and manage databases | Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

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This page contains information about creating, listing, and deleting PostgreSQL databases on a Cloud SQL instance.

A newly-created instance has a postgres database.

For more information about PostgreSQL databases, see the

PostgreSQL documentation

Before you begin

Before completing the tasks on this page, you must have:

Created a Cloud SQL instance. For more information, see Creating instances.

If you plan to use the psql client to create or manage your databases, you must have:

Configured access and connected to the instance with a psql client. For more information about connection options, see Connection Options for External Applications.

Create a database on the Cloud SQL instance Note: The postgres database is the default database you connect to before you create any other databases. After you create another database, switch to it to create tables and insert data. Don't use the postgres database for your application's data because this database is used primarily for administrative purposes.

The maximum length of the database name is 64 characters. For more information on other criteria for this name, see Identifiers and Key Words.

If you don't specify a character set and collation when you create your database, the database will have the following default values:

Character set: UTF8
Collation: en_US.UTF8

Console Note: You can't use the Google Cloud console to set values for the character set and collation. To set these values, use a psql client to create your database. For more information about using this client to create the database, refer to the contents in the psql Client tab.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Select Databases from the SQL navigation menu.
Click Create database.
In the New database dialog, specify the name of the database.
Click Create.

gcloud Note: You can't use gcloud to set values for the character set and collation. To set these values, use a psql client to create your database. For more information about using this client to create the database, refer to the contents in the psql Client tab.

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases create.

gcloud sql databases create DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

Terraform Note: You can't use Terraform to set values for the character set and collation. To set these values, use a psql client to create your database. For more information about using this client to create the database, refer to the contents in the psql Client tab.

To create a database, use a Terraform resource.

Apply the changes

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

Launch Cloud Shell.
Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.
```
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID
```
Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.
```
mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf
```
If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.
Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
Save your changes.
Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.
```
terraform init
```
Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:
```
terraform init -upgrade
```

Apply the changes

Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:
```
terraform plan
```
Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.
Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform apply
```
Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.
Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

Note: Terraform samples typically assume that the required APIs are enabled in your Google Cloud project. Delete the changes

To delete your changes, do the following:

To disable deletion protection, in your Terraform configuration file set the deletion_protection argument to false.
```
deletion_protection =  "false"
```
Apply the updated Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform apply
```

Remove resources previously applied with your Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform destroy
```

REST v1 Note: You can't use REST APIs to set values for the character set and collation. To set these values, use a psql client to create your database. For more information about using this client to create the database, refer to the contents in the psql Client tab.

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

curl (Linux, macOS, or Cloud Shell) Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login , or by using Cloud Shell, which automatically logs you into the gcloud CLI . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

PowerShell (Windows) Note: The following command assumes that you have logged in to the gcloud CLI with your user account by running gcloud init or gcloud auth login . You can check the currently active account by running gcloud auth list.

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4 Note: You can't use REST APIs to set values for the character set and collation. To set these values, use a psql client to create your database. For more information about using this client to create the database, refer to the contents in the psql Client tab.

The following request uses the databases:insert method to create a new database on the specified instance.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

POST https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

Request JSON body:

{
  "project": "project-id",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "name": "database-name"
}

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

Save the request body in a file named request.json, and execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "CREATE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

psql Client

For reference information, see CREATE DATABASE in the PostgreSQL documentation.

See the following topics in the PostgreSQL documentation for background and a list of supported character set values:

CREATE DATABASE database_name
  [[ ENCODING encoding ][ LC_COLLATE lc_collate ]];

For example:
CREATE DATABASE "example_db" WITH OWNER "example_user" ENCODING 'UTF8' LC_COLLATE = 'pl_PL.utf8' LC_CTYPE = 'pl_PL.utf8' TEMPLATE template0;

Note: The default template is template1. However, psql uses template0 because it's the only template that accepts a specific encoding and character set. For more information, see Template Databases. List your databases

To list all databases on an instance:

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Click Databases from the left side menu. The Databases page lists databases along with their collation type, character set, and database type.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases list.

gcloud sql databases list \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method GET `
-Headers $headers `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:list method to list the databases for an instance.

When you list the databases using the API, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID

HTTP method and URL:

GET https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method GET `
-Headers $headers `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#database",
  "charset": "utf8",
  "collation": "utf8_general_ci",
  "etag": "etag",
  "name": "sys",
  "instance": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/sys",
  "project": "project-id"
}

psql Client

For reference information, see list.

When you list the databases using the psql client, you see additional template databases and a system database that are not displayed by the console. You cannot delete or manage the system database.

\l

Delete a database

To delete a database on the Cloud SQL instance:

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Cloud SQL Instances page.

Go to Cloud SQL Instances
To open the Overview page of an instance, click the instance name.
Click Databases from the left side menu.
In the database list, find the database you want to delete and click the trash can icon.
In the Delete database dialog, enter the name of the database and then click Delete.

gcloud

For reference information, see gcloud sql databases delete.

gcloud sql databases delete DATABASE_NAME \
--instance=INSTANCE_NAME

REST v1

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method DELETE `
-Headers $headers `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

REST v1beta4

The following request uses the databases:delete method to delete the specified database.

Before using any of the request data, make the following replacements:

project-id: The project ID
instance-id: The instance ID
database-name: The name of a database inside the Cloud SQL instance

HTTP method and URL:

DELETE https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name

To send your request, expand one of these options:

Execute the following command:

curl -X DELETE \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name"

Execute the following command:

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `

-Method DELETE `
-Headers $headers `
-Uri "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id/databases/database-name" | Select-Object -Expand Content

You should receive a JSON response similar to the following:

Response

{
  "kind": "sql#operation",
  "targetLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/instances/instance-id",
  "status": "PENDING",
  "user": "user@example.com",
  "insertTime": "2020-01-21T22:43:37.981Z",
  "operationType": "DELETE_DATABASE",
  "name": "operation-id",
  "targetId": "instance-id",
  "selfLink": "https://sqladmin.googleapis.com/sql/v1beta4/projects/project-id/operations/operation-id",
  "targetProject": "project-id"
}

psql Client

For reference information, see DROP DATABASE in the PostgreSQL documentation.

DROP DATABASE [database_name];

What's next

Manage users for your instance.
Import data into your instance.
Learn about options for connecting to your instance using the psql client.
Create a database table.

Try it for yourself

If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how Cloud SQL performs in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Try Cloud SQL free

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-07-02 UTC.

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