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Showing content from https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/postgres/configure-private-services-access below:

Configure private services access | Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

This page describes how to configure private services access in your VPC network.

Private services access is implemented as a VPC peering connection between your VPC network and the underlying Google Cloud VPC network where your Cloud SQL instance resides. The private connection enables VM instances in your VPC network and the services that you access to communicate exclusively by using internal IP addresses. VM instances don't need Internet access or external IP addresses to reach services that are available through private services access.

Before you begin

Cloud SQL requires private services access for each VPC network that's used for private IP connections. To manage a private services access connection, the user should have the following IAM permissions:

compute.networks.list
compute.addresses.create
compute.addresses.list
servicenetworking.services.addPeering

If you don't have these permissions, then you can get insufficient-permissions errors.

If you're using a Shared VPC network, then you must also:

Add your user to the host project.
Assign the same four permissions to that user on the host project.
Grant the compute.globalAddresses.list IAM permission to the user.

If you're using gcloud to allocate an IP address range, then you don't have to assign the compute.globalAddresses.list permission to the user. Configure private services access for Cloud SQL Important: When you create a private connection between your VPC network and the Cloud SQL service, it becomes available for use by any Google service that supports private services access. If you later delete the private connection, you remove private connectivity to your Cloud SQL instances and any other service that is using that connection. Removing the private connection does not delete or deprovision any resources.

There are two parts to the private services access configuration process:

Selecting an existing, or allocating a new IP address range.
You also have the option of allowing Google to allocate the range for you. In this case, Google will automatically allocate an IP range of prefix-length /20 and use the name default-ip-range.

If you're going to create instances in multiple regions or for different database types, then you must have a minimum /24 range of IP addresses available for each region or database type. This includes other applications such as Filestore or Memorystore. For a new region or database type, Cloud SQL must have a free /24 range.
Creating a private connection from your VPC network to the underlying service producer network.

Allocate an IP address range Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

Go to VPC networks
Select the VPC network that you want to use.
Select the Private service connection tab.
Select the Allocated IP ranges for services tab.
Click Allocate IP range .
For the Name of the allocated range, specify google-managed-services-VPC_NETWORK_NAME, where VPC_NETWORK_NAME is the name of the VPC network you are connecting (for example, google-managed-services-default). The Description is optional.
Select the Custom option, then enter the IP address range to allocate, in CIDR notation.
Click Allocate to create the allocated range.

gcloud

Do one of the following:

To specify an address range and a prefix length (subnet mask), use the addresses and prefix-length flags. For example, to allocate the CIDR block 192.168.0.0/16, specify 192.168.0.0 for the address and 16 for the prefix length.

        gcloud compute addresses create google-managed-services-VPC_NETWORK_NAME \
        --global \
        --purpose=VPC_PEERING \
        --addresses=192.168.0.0 \
        --prefix-length=16 \
        --network=projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME

To specify a prefix length (subnet mask) only, use the prefix-length flag. When you omit the address range, Google Cloud automatically selects an unused address range in your VPC network. The following example selects an unused IP address range with a 16 bit prefix length.

        gcloud compute addresses create google-managed-services-VPC_NETWORK_NAME \
        --global \
        --purpose=VPC_PEERING \
        --prefix-length=16 \
        --network=projects/PROJECT_ID/global/networks/VPC_NETWORK_NAME

Replace VPC_NETWORK_NAME with the name of your VPC network, such as my-vpc-network.

The following example allocates an IP range that allows resources in the VPC network my-vpc-network to connect to Cloud SQL instances using private IP.

    gcloud compute addresses create google-managed-services-my-vpc-network \
    --global \
    --purpose=VPC_PEERING \
    --prefix-length=16 \
    --network=projects/myprojectid/global/networks/myvpcnetwork \
    --project=my-project

Terraform

To allocate an IP address range, use a Terraform resource.

Apply the changes

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

Launch Cloud Shell.
Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.
```
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID
```
Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.
```
mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf
```
If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.
Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
Save your changes.
Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.
```
terraform init
```
Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:
```
terraform init -upgrade
```

Apply the changes

Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:
```
terraform plan
```
Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.
Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:
```
terraform apply
```
Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.
Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

Note: Terraform samples typically assume that the required APIs are enabled in your Google Cloud project. Delete the changes

Remove resources previously applied with your Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

terraform destroy

Create a private connection Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

Go to VPC networks
Select the VPC network that you want to use.
Select the Private service connection tab.
Select the Private connections to services tab.
Click Create connection to create a private connection between your network and a service producer.
For the Assigned allocation, select one or more existing allocated ranges that are not being used by other service producers.
Click Connect to create the connection.

gcloud

Create a private connection.

gcloud services vpc-peerings connect \
--service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
--ranges=google-managed-services-VPC_NETWORK_NAME \
--network=VPC_NETWORK_NAME \
--project=PROJECT_ID

The command initiates a long-running Cloud SQL instance operation, returning an operation ID.

Check whether the operation was successful.

gcloud services vpc-peerings operations describe \
--name=OPERATION_ID

You can specify more than one allocated range when you create a private connection. For example, if a range has been exhausted, you can assign additional allocated ranges. The service uses IP addresses from all the provided ranges in the order that you specified.

Terraform

To create a private connection, use a Terraform resource.

A service account in the service-HOST_PROJECT_NUMBER@service-networking.iam.gserviceaccount.com format is granted the servicenetworking.serviceAgent role while the private connection is created because the account is provisioned just-in-time.

If you see an error about either the compute.globalAddresses.list permission or the compute.projects.get permission for the project, run this gcloud command:

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding HOST_PROJECT_NAME \
    --member=serviceAccount:service-HOST_PROJECT_NUMBER@service-networking.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
    --role=roles/servicenetworking.serviceAgent

Change the private service access configuration

You can change the allocated address range of a private service connection without modifying any existing Cloud SQL instances. To change the private IP address of an existing Cloud SQL instance, follow these steps.

To change the allocated address range:

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VPC networks page.

Go to VPC networks
Select the VPC network that you want to use.
Select the Private service connection tab.
Select the Allocated IP ranges for services tab.
Select the name of the range you want to delete.
Note: Before you delete the range, make a note of its name. You need this name later in this procedure.
Click Release.
Click Allocate IP range.
Create a new range with the same name and new range

The name matters because the private connection has already been established using that address name.

Note: After modifying or removing an allocated address range, update VPC peerings. Use the following command, and make sure to use the --force argument:

gcloud services vpc-peerings update \
--network=VPC_NETWORK_NAME \
--ranges=ALLOCATED_RANGES \
--service=servicenetworking.googleapis.com \
--force

Cloud SQL does not automatically delete the old subnet with the old IP range. The range is marked as unusable and cannot be used again in the project. This allows existing instances to stay in that subnet. To permanently remove the subnet, all Cloud SQL instances using an address in the range must be deleted. The subnet is deleted four days after the last instance in the subnet is deleted. Change the private IP address of an existing Cloud SQL instance

To change the private IP address of an existing Cloud SQL instance, move the instance from its original network to a temporary VPC network. Then, change the private service access configuration of the instance's original network and move the Cloud SQL instance back to its original network.

To move to a different VPC network, follow all but the final step (moving the instance back) in the following procedure. In this case, the TEMPORARY_VPC_NETWORK_NAME is the new VPC network. Also, delete the old private connection. It can take a few days for the deleted private connection to disappear from the Google Cloud console.

If the Cloud SQL instance is hosted in a Shared VPC network, the VPC_NETWORK_NAME variables used in the following instructions must be the host project's VPC network names. To specify a network with a Shared VPC network, use the full URL of the network—for example, projects/HOST_PROJECT/global/networks/NETWORK_NAME.

Note: If the project that's hosting the VPC network operates in dual stack mode, then there are considerations to keep in mind for using this project. For more information, see Plan to upgrade all Cloud SQL instances in a network project.

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