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gcloud topic formats | Google Cloud SDK

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NAME

gcloud topic formats - resource formats supplementary help

DESCRIPTION

Most gcloud commands return a list of resources on success. By default they are pretty-printed on the standard output. The --format=NAME[ATTRIBUTES](PROJECTION) and --filter=EXPRESSION flags along with projections can be used to format and change the default output to a more meaningful result.

Use the --format flag to change the default output format of a command. Resource formats are described in detail below.

Use the --filter flag to select resources to be listed. For details run $ gcloud topic filters.

Use resource-keys to reach resource items through a unique path of names from the root. For details run $ gcloud topic resource-keys.

Use projections to list a subset of resource keys in a resource. For details run $ gcloud topic projections.

Note: To refer to a list of fields you can sort, filter, and format by for each resource, you can run a list command with the format set to text or json. For example, $ gcloud compute instances list --limit=1 --format=text.

To work through an interactive tutorial about using the filter and format flags instead, see: https://console.cloud.google.com/cloudshell/open?git_repo=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-shell-tutorials&page=editor&tutorial=cloudsdk/tutorial.md

Formats

A format expression is used to change the default output format of a command. Many output formats are available; some for pretty printing human-readable output and others for returning machine-readable output.

A format expression has 3 parts:

NAME

name

ATTRIBUTES

[ [no-]attribute-name[=value] [, … ] ]

PROJECTION

( resource-key [, …] )

NAME is required, ATTRIBUTES are optional, and PROJECTIONS may be required for some formats. Unknown attribute names are silently ignored. Each gcloud list command has a default format expression. The --format flag can alter or replace the default. For example,

--format="[box]"

adds box decorations to a default table, and

--format=json

lists the resource in json format. The formats and format specific attributes are:

config

A dictionary of dictionaries in config style.

The format attributes are:

export

Display the dictionary as a list of system specific environment export commands.

unset

Display the dictionary as a list of system specific environment unset commands.

csv

Comma Separated Values with no keys. This format requires a projection to define the values to be printed.

To use \n or \t as an attribute value please escape the \ with your shell's escape sequence, example separator="\\n" for bash.

The format attributes are:

delimiter="string"

The string printed between list value items, default ";".

no-heading

Disables the initial key name heading record.

separator="string"

The string printed between values, default ",".

terminator="string"

The string printed after each record, default "\n" (newline).

default

An alias for the yaml format. To override use gcloud config set core/default_format property.

diff

A unified diff of the first two projection columns.

The format attributes are:

format

The format of the diffed resources. Each resource is converted to this format and the diff of the converted resources is displayed. The default is 'flattened'.

disable

Disables formatted output and does not consume the resources. Equivalent to the none format, but also short-circuits early for commands that return pageable lists.

flattened

A flattened tree. Each output line contains one key:value pair.

The format attributes are:

no-pad

Don't print space after the separator. The default adjusts the space to align the values into the same output column. Use no-pad for comparing resource outputs.

separator=SEPARATOR

Print SEPARATOR between the key and value. The default is ": ".

get

Equivalent to the value[no-transforms] format. Default transforms are not applied to the displayed values.

json

JSON, JavaScript Object Notation.

The format attributes are:

no-undefined

Does not display resource data items with null values.

list

An ordered list of items.

The format attributes are:

always-display-title

Display the title even if there are no records.

compact

Display all items in a record on one line.

multi

Each projection key must have a subformat defined by the :format=FORMAT-STRING attribute. For example,

`--format="multi(data:format=json, info:format='table[box](a, b, c)')"`

formats the data field as JSON and the info field as a boxed table.

The format attributes are:

separator

Separator string to print between each format. If multiple resources are provided, the separator is also printed between each resource.

none

Disables formatted output and consumes the resources.

object

Bypasses JSON-serialization and prints the object representation of each resource.

The format attributes are:

separator

The line printed between resources.

terminator

The line printed after each resource.

table

Aligned left-adjusted columns with optional title, column headings and sorting. This format requires a projection to define the table columns. The default column headings are the disambiguated right hand components of the column keys in ANGRY_SNAKE_CASE. For example, the projection keys (first.name, last.name) produce the default column heading ('NAME', 'LAST_NAME').

If --page-size=N is specified then output is grouped into tables with at most N rows. Headings, alignment and sorting are done per-page. The title, if any, is printed before the first table.

If screen reader option is True, you may observe flattened list output instead of a table with columns. Please refer to $ gcloud topic accessibility to turn it off.

The format attributes are:

all-box

Prints a box around the entire table and each cell, including the title if any.

box

Prints a box around the entire table and the title cells if any.

format=FORMAT-STRING

Prints the key data indented by 4 spaces using FORMAT-STRING which can reference any of the supported formats.

no-heading

Disables the column headings.

margin=N

Right hand side padding when one or more columns are wrapped.

pad=N

Sets the column horizontal pad to N spaces. The default is 1 for box, 2 otherwise.

title=TITLE

Prints a centered TITLE at the top of the table, within the table box if box is enabled.

text

An alias for the flattened format.

value

CSV with no heading and <TAB> separator instead of <COMMA>. Used to retrieve individual resource values. This format requires a projection to define the value(s) to be printed.

To use \n or \t as an attribute value please escape the \ with your shell's escape sequence, example separator="\\n" for bash.

The format attributes are:

delimiter="string"

The string printed between list value items, default ";".

quote

"…" quote values that contain delimiter, separator or terminator strings.

separator="string"

The string printed between values, default "\t" (tab).

terminator="string"

The string printed after each record, default "\n" (newline).

yaml

YAML, YAML ain't markup language.

The format attributes are:

null="string"

Display string instead of null for null/None values.

no-undefined

Does not display resource data items with null values.

version=VERSION

Prints using the specified YAML version, default 1.2.

All formats have these attributes:

disable

Disables formatted output and does not consume the resources.

json-decode

Decodes string values that are JSON compact encodings of list and dictionary objects. This may become the default.

If True, sends output to a pager.

private

Disables log file output. Use this for sensitive resource data that should not be displayed in log files. Explicit command line IO redirection overrides this attribute.

transforms

Apply projection transforms to the resource values. The default is format specific; table-like formats may define default transforms to certain columns. Use no-transforms to disable.

EXAMPLES

List a table of compute instance resources sorted by name with box decorations and title Instances:

gcloud compute instances list --format="table[box,title=Instances](name:sort=1, zone:label=zone, status)"

List a nested table of the quotas of a region:

gcloud compute regions describe us-central1 --format="table(quotas:format='table(metric,limit,usage)')"

Print a flattened list of global quotas in CSV format:

gcloud compute project-info describe --flatten="quotas[]" --format="csv(quotas.metric,quotas.limit,quotas.usage)"

List the disk interfaces for all compute instances as a compact comma separated list:

gcloud compute instances list --format="value(disks[].interface.list())"

List the URIs for all compute instances:

gcloud compute instances list --format="value(uri())"

List all compute instances with their creation timestamps displayed according to the local timezone:

gcloud compute instances list --format="table(name,creationTimestamp.date(tz=LOCAL))"

List the project authenticated user email address:

gcloud info --format="value(config.account)"

List resources filtered on repeated fields by projecting subfields on a repeated message:

gcloud alpha genomics readgroupsets list --format="default(readGroups[].name)"

Return the scope of the current instance:

gcloud compute zones list --format="value(selfLink.scope())"

selfLink is a fully qualified name. (e.g. 'https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a') The previous example returns a list of just the names of each zone (e.g. 'us-central1-a'). This is because selfLink.scope() grabs the last part of the URL segment. To extract selfLink starting from /projects and return the scope of the current instance:

gcloud compute zones list --format="value(selfLink.scope(projects))"

List all scopes enabled for a Compute Engine instance and flatten the multi-valued resource:

gcloud compute instances list --format="flattened(name,serviceAccounts[].email,serviceAccounts[].scopes[].basename())"

Display a multi-valued resource's service account keys with the corresponding service account, extracting just the first '/' delimited part with segment(0):

gcloud iam service-accounts keys list --iam-account=svc-2-123@test-minutia-123.iam.gserviceaccount.com--project=test-minutia-123 --format="table(name.scope(serviceAccounts).segment(0):label='service Account',name.scope(keys):label='keyID',validAfterTime)"

The last example returns a table with service account names without their full paths, keyID and validity.

NOTES

These variants are also available:

gcloud alpha topic formats

gcloud beta topic formats

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-10-07 UTC.

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