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Model a set of read-only queries to a database as a snapshot.
class google.cloud.spanner_v1.snapshot.Snapshot(session, read_timestamp=None, min_read_timestamp=None, max_staleness=None, exact_staleness=None, multi_use=False)Allow a set of reads / SQL statements with shared staleness.
If no options are passed, reads will use the strong model, reading at a timestamp where all previously committed transactions are visible.
Parameters
session (Session) – The session used to perform the commit.
read_timestamp (datetime.datetime) – Execute all reads at the given timestamp.
min_read_timestamp (datetime.datetime) – Execute all reads at a timestamp >= min_read_timestamp.
max_staleness (datetime.timedelta) – Read data at a timestamp >= NOW - max_staleness seconds.
exact_staleness (datetime.timedelta) – Execute all reads at a timestamp that is exact_staleness old.
multi_use (bool) – If true, multiple read() / execute_sql() calls can be performed with the snapshot in the context of a read-only transaction, used to ensure isolation / consistency. Incompatible with max_staleness and min_read_timestamp.
Begin a read-only transaction on the database.
Return type
Returns
the ID for the newly-begun transaction.
Raises
ValueError – if the transaction is already begun, committed, or rolled back.
Perform an ExecuteStreamingSql API request.
Parameters
sql (str) – SQL query statement
params (dict, **{str -> column value}) – values for parameter replacement. Keys must match the names used in sql.
param_types (dict[str -> Union[dict, *[types.Type](spanner_v1/types.md#google.cloud.spanner_v1.types.Type)]*]) – (Optional) maps explicit types for one or more param values; required if parameters are passed.
query_mode (QueryMode) – Mode governing return of results / query plan. See: QueryMode.
query_options – (Optional) Query optimizer configuration to use for the given query. If a dict is provided, it must be of the same form as the protobuf message QueryOptions
partition (bytes) – (Optional) one of the partition tokens returned from partition_query().
Return type
Returns
a result set instance which can be used to consume rows.
Raises
ValueError – for reuse of single-use snapshots, or if a transaction ID is already pending for multiple-use snapshots.
Perform a ParitionQuery API request.
Parameters
sql (str) – SQL query statement
params (dict, **{str -> column value}) – values for parameter replacement. Keys must match the names used in sql.
param_types (dict[str -> Union[dict, *[types.Type](spanner_v1/types.md#google.cloud.spanner_v1.types.Type)]*]) – (Optional) maps explicit types for one or more param values; required if parameters are passed.
partition_size_bytes (int) – (Optional) desired size for each partition generated. The service uses this as a hint, the actual partition size may differ.
max_partitions (int) – (Optional) desired maximum number of partitions generated. The service uses this as a hint, the actual number of partitions may differ.
Return type
iterable of bytes
Returns
a sequence of partition tokens
Raises
ValueError – for single-use snapshots, or if a transaction ID is already associtated with the snapshot.
Perform a ParitionRead API request for rows in a table.
Parameters
table (str) – name of the table from which to fetch data
columns (list of str) – names of columns to be retrieved
keyset (KeySet) – keys / ranges identifying rows to be retrieved
index (str) – (Optional) name of index to use, rather than the table’s primary key
partition_size_bytes (int) – (Optional) desired size for each partition generated. The service uses this as a hint, the actual partition size may differ.
max_partitions (int) – (Optional) desired maximum number of partitions generated. The service uses this as a hint, the actual number of partitions may differ.
Return type
iterable of bytes
Returns
a sequence of partition tokens
Raises
ValueError – for single-use snapshots, or if a transaction ID is already associtated with the snapshot.
Perform a StreamingRead API request for rows in a table.
Parameters
table (str) – name of the table from which to fetch data
columns (list of str) – names of columns to be retrieved
keyset (KeySet) – keys / ranges identifying rows to be retrieved
index (str) – (Optional) name of index to use, rather than the table’s primary key
limit (int) – (Optional) maximum number of rows to return. Incompatible with partition.
partition (bytes) – (Optional) one of the partition tokens returned from partition_read(). Incompatible with limit.
Return type
Returns
a result set instance which can be used to consume rows.
Raises
ValueError – for reuse of single-use snapshots, or if a transaction ID is already pending for multiple-use snapshots.
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Last updated 2025-07-18 UTC.
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