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Showing content from https://cloud.google.com/nodejs/docs/reference/firestore/7.2.0/firestore/documentreference below:

Class DocumentReference (7.2.0) | Node.js client library

Skip to main content Class DocumentReference (7.2.0)

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A DocumentReference refers to a document location in a Firestore database and can be used to write, read, or listen to the location. The document at the referenced location may or may not exist. A DocumentReference can also be used to create a [CollectionReference]CollectionReference to a subcollection.

DocumentReference

Package@google-cloud/firestore Constructors (constructor)(_firestore, _path, _converter)
constructor(_firestore: Firestore, 
    _path: ResourcePath, 
    _converter?: firestore.FirestoreDataConverter<AppModelType, DbModelType>);

Constructs a new instance of the DocumentReference class

Parameters Name Description _firestore Firestore

The Firestore Database client.

_path ResourcePath

The Path of this reference.

_converter FirebaseFirestore.FirestoreDataConverter<AppModelType, DbModelType>

The converter to use when serializing data.

Properties _converter
readonly _converter: firestore.FirestoreDataConverter<AppModelType, DbModelType>;
_path
readonly _path: ResourcePath;
firestore
get firestore(): Firestore;

The [Firestore]Firestore instance for the Firestore database (useful for performing transactions, etc.).

{Firestore} DocumentReference#firestore

Example

let collectionRef = firestore.collection('col');

collectionRef.add({foo: 'bar'}).then(documentReference => {
  let firestore = documentReference.firestore;
  console.log(`Root location for document is ${firestore.formattedName}`);
});
id

The last path element of the referenced document.

{string} DocumentReference#id

Example

let collectionRef = firestore.collection('col');

collectionRef.add({foo: 'bar'}).then(documentReference => {
  console.log(`Added document with name '${documentReference.id}'`);
});
parent
get parent(): CollectionReference<AppModelType, DbModelType>;

A reference to the collection to which this DocumentReference belongs.

DocumentReference#parent {CollectionReference}

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');
let collectionRef = documentRef.parent;

collectionRef.where('foo', '==', 'bar').get().then(results => {
  console.log(`Found ${results.size} matches in parent collection`);
}):
path

A string representing the path of the referenced document (relative to the root of the database).

{string} DocumentReference#path

Example

let collectionRef = firestore.collection('col');

collectionRef.add({foo: 'bar'}).then(documentReference => {
  console.log(`Added document at '${documentReference.path}'`);
});
Methods collection(collectionPath)
collection(collectionPath: string): CollectionReference;

Gets a [CollectionReference]CollectionReference instance that refers to the collection at the specified path.

Parameter Name Description collectionPath string

A slash-separated path to a collection.

Returns Type Description CollectionReference

{CollectionReference} A reference to the new subcollection.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');
let subcollection = documentRef.collection('subcollection');
console.log(`Path to subcollection: ${subcollection.path}`);
create(data)
create(data: firestore.WithFieldValue<AppModelType>): Promise<WriteResult>;

Create a document with the provided object values. This will fail the write if a document exists at its location.

Parameter Name Description data FirebaseFirestore.WithFieldValue<AppModelType>

An object that contains the fields and data to serialize as the document.

Returns Type Description Promise<WriteResult>

{Promise.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.collection('col').doc();

documentRef.create({foo: 'bar'}).then((res) => {
  console.log(`Document created at ${res.updateTime}`);
}).catch((err) => {
  console.log(`Failed to create document: ${err}`);
});
delete(precondition)
delete(precondition?: firestore.Precondition): Promise<WriteResult>;

Deletes the document referred to by this DocumentReference.

A delete for a non-existing document is treated as a success (unless lastUptimeTime is provided).

Parameter Name Description precondition firestore.Precondition

A precondition to enforce for this delete.

Returns Type Description Promise<WriteResult>

{Promise.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');

documentRef.delete().then(() => {
  console.log('Document successfully deleted.');
});
get()
get(): Promise<DocumentSnapshot<AppModelType, DbModelType>>;

Reads the document referred to by this DocumentReference.

Returns Type Description Promise<DocumentSnapshot<AppModelType, DbModelType>>

{Promise.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');

documentRef.get().then(documentSnapshot => {
  if (documentSnapshot.exists) {
    console.log('Document retrieved successfully.');
  }
});
isEqual(other)
isEqual(other: firestore.DocumentReference<AppModelType, DbModelType>): boolean;

Returns true if this DocumentReference is equal to the provided value.

Parameter Name Description other FirebaseFirestore.DocumentReference<AppModelType, DbModelType>

The value to compare against. {boolean} true if this DocumentReference is equal to the provided value.

Returns Type Description boolean listCollections()
listCollections(): Promise<Array<CollectionReference>>;

Fetches the subcollections that are direct children of this document.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');

documentRef.listCollections().then(collections => {
  for (let collection of collections) {
    console.log(`Found subcollection with id: ${collection.id}`);
  }
});
onSnapshot(onNext, onError)
onSnapshot(onNext: (snapshot: firestore.DocumentSnapshot<AppModelType, DbModelType>) => void, onError?: (error: Error) => void): () => void;

Attaches a listener for DocumentSnapshot events.

Parameters Name Description onNext (snapshot: FirebaseFirestore.DocumentSnapshot<AppModelType, DbModelType>) => void

A callback to be called every time a new DocumentSnapshot is available.

onError (error: Error) => void

A callback to be called if the listen fails or is cancelled. No further callbacks will occur. If unset, errors will be logged to the console.

Returns Type Description () => void

{function()} An unsubscribe function that can be called to cancel the snapshot listener.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');

let unsubscribe = documentRef.onSnapshot(documentSnapshot => {
  if (documentSnapshot.exists) {
    console.log(documentSnapshot.data());
  }
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});

// Remove this listener.
unsubscribe();
set(data, options)
set(data: firestore.PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType>, options: firestore.SetOptions): Promise<WriteResult>;
Parameters Name Description data FirebaseFirestore.PartialWithFieldValue<AppModelType>
options firestore.SetOptions
set(data)
set(data: firestore.WithFieldValue<AppModelType>): Promise<WriteResult>;
Parameter Name Description data FirebaseFirestore.WithFieldValue<AppModelType>
update(dataOrField, preconditionOrValues)
update(dataOrField: firestore.UpdateData<DbModelType> | string | firestore.FieldPath, ...preconditionOrValues: Array<unknown | string | firestore.FieldPath | firestore.Precondition>): Promise<WriteResult>;

Updates fields in the document referred to by this DocumentReference. If the document doesn't yet exist, the update fails and the returned Promise will be rejected.

The update() method accepts either an object with field paths encoded as keys and field values encoded as values, or a variable number of arguments that alternate between field paths and field values.

A Precondition restricting this update can be specified as the last argument.

Parameters Name Description dataOrField FirebaseFirestore.UpdateData<DbModelType> | string | FirebaseFirestore.FieldPath

An object containing the fields and values with which to update the document or the path of the first field to update.

preconditionOrValues Array<unknown | string | FirebaseFirestore.FieldPath | FirebaseFirestore.Precondition>

An alternating list of field paths and values to update or a Precondition to restrict this update.

Returns Type Description Promise<WriteResult>

{Promise.

Example

let documentRef = firestore.doc('col/doc');

documentRef.update({foo: 'bar'}).then(res => {
  console.log(`Document updated at ${res.updateTime}`);
});
withConverter(converter)
withConverter(converter: null): DocumentReference;
Parameter Name Description converter null
withConverter(converter)
withConverter<NewAppModelType, NewDbModelType extends firestore.DocumentData = firestore.DocumentData>(converter: firestore.FirestoreDataConverter<NewAppModelType, NewDbModelType>): DocumentReference<NewAppModelType, NewDbModelType>;
Parameter Name Description converter FirebaseFirestore.FirestoreDataConverter<NewAppModelType, NewDbModelType>
Type Parameters Name Description NewAppModelType NewDbModelType

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[],[]]


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