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You can customize the runtime environment of user code in Dataflow pipelines by supplying a custom container image. Custom containers are supported for pipelines that use Dataflow Runner v2.
When Dataflow starts up worker VMs, it uses Docker container images to launch containerized SDK processes on the workers. By default, a pipeline uses a prebuilt Apache Beam image. However, you can provide a custom container image for your Dataflow job. When you specify a custom container image, Dataflow launches workers that pull the specified image.
You might use a custom container for the following reasons:
For more information about custom containers in Apache Beam, see the Apache Beam custom container guide. For examples of Python pipelines that use custom containers, see Dataflow custom containers.
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Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.
[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["Dataflow pipelines using Runner v2 support the use of custom container images to customize the runtime environment of user code."],["By default, Dataflow pipelines use prebuilt Apache Beam images, but users can specify their own custom container images for their Dataflow jobs."],["Custom containers allow users to preinstall pipeline dependencies, including those not in public repositories, and to manage dependencies when access to public repositories is restricted."],["Using custom containers also allows you to prestage large files and launch third-party software to customize the execution environment."],["The main use cases of custom containers are to reduce worker start time, customize the environment, and to manage dependencies."]]],[]]
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