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C++ Client Libraries | Google Cloud

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Retry, Backoff, and Idempotency Policies.

Application developers can override the default retry and backoff policies.

The default policies are to continue retrying for up to 15 minutes, and to use truncated (at 5 minutes) exponential backoff, doubling the maximum backoff period between retries.

  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
     std::string const& database_id) {
    // Use a truncated exponential backoff with jitter to wait between
    // retries:
    //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff
    //   https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/exponential-backoff
    auto client = spanner::Client(spanner::MakeConnection(
        spanner::Database(project_id, instance_id, database_id),
        google::cloud::Options{}
            .set<spanner::SpannerRetryPolicyOption>(
                std::make_shared<spanner::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy>(
                    /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::seconds(60)))
            .set<spanner::SpannerBackoffPolicyOption>(
                std::make_shared<spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy>(
                    /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::milliseconds(500),
                    /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(64),
                    /*scaling=*/1.5))));

    std::int64_t rows_inserted;
    auto commit_result = client.Commit(
        [&client, &rows_inserted](
            spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
          auto insert = client.ExecuteDml(
              std::move(txn),
              spanner::SqlStatement(
                  "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)"
                  "  VALUES (20, 'George', 'Washington')"));
          if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
          rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
          return spanner::Mutations{};
        });
    if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
    std::cout << "Rows inserted: " << rows_inserted;
  }

See Also

ExponentialBackoffPolicy to configure different parameters for the exponential backoff policy.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC."],[[["This document provides versioned documentation for the Spanner C++ client library, with version 2.37.0-rc being the latest release candidate, and includes documentation for versions from 2.36.0 down to 2.11.0."],["The Spanner C++ client library allows developers to customize retry and backoff policies, overriding the default behavior to better suit their application's needs."],["The default retry policy continues retrying for up to 15 minutes, while the default backoff policy utilizes truncated exponential backoff, doubling the maximum backoff period between retries, up to 5 minutes."],["The provided example demonstrates how to configure a custom truncated exponential backoff with jitter, setting a maximum retry duration of 60 seconds and adjusting the initial delay, maximum delay, and scaling factor."],["Alternative retry policies like `LimitedTimeRetryPolicy` and `LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy`, and the `ExponentialBackoffPolicy` are highlighted for further customization of error handling and retry behaviors."]]],[]]

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