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Class future<T> (2.23.0) | C++ Client Libraries

Class future<T> (2.23.0)

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Implement ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016 future<T>.

Constructors future() future(future< future< T > > &&)

Creates a new future that unwraps rhs.

This constructor creates a new shared state that becomes satisfied when both rhs and rhs.get() become satisfied. If rhs is satisfied, but rhs.get() returns an invalid future then the newly created future becomes satisfied with a std::future_error exception, and the exception error code is std::future_errc::broken_promise.

Note: The technical specification requires this to be a noexcept constructor I (coryan) believe this is a defect in the technical specification, as this creates a new shared state: shared states are dynamically allocated, and the allocator (which might be the default operator new) may raise. Parameter Name Description rhs future< future< T > > &&
future(future< U > &&)

Creates a future from a future whose result type is convertible to this future's result type.

Parameters Name Description rhs future< U > &&
class U
typename Enable
future(std::shared_ptr< shared_state_type >) Parameter Name Description state std::shared_ptr< shared_state_type >
Functions get()

Waits until the shared state becomes ready, then retrieves the value stored in the shared state.

Note: This operation invalidates the future, subsequent calls will fail, the application should capture the returned value because it would.

Exceptions Type Description ... any exceptions stored in the shared state. std::future_error with std::no_state if the future does not have a shared state. Returns Type Description T then(F &&)

Attach a continuation to the future.

Attach a callable func to be invoked when the future is ready. The return type is a future wrapping the return type of func.

Side effects: valid() == false if the operation is successful.

Parameters Name Description func F &&

a Callable to be invoked when the future is ready. The function might be called immediately, e.g., if the future is ready.

typename F
Returns Type Description auto

future<T> where T is std::result_of_t<F, R> (basically). If T matches future<U> then it returns future<U>. The returned future will contain the result of func.

Type Aliases shared_state_type

Alias Of: typename internal::future_base< T >::shared_state_type

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC."],[[["This documentation outlines the `future\u003cT\u003e` class, which implements the ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016 standard for managing asynchronous operations in C++."],["The latest version documented is 2.37.0-rc, and the document contains references to various previous versions, including the base 2.23.0 version that was provided."],["The `future` class has several constructors, including one for creating futures from other futures and one for unwrapping nested futures, with notes on potential `noexcept` issues."],["The `get()` function retrieves the result of an asynchronous operation, invalidating the future upon a successful call and potentially throwing exceptions based on the shared state."],["The `then(F &&)` function enables attaching a callable function to the future, which will be invoked once the future is ready, and returns a new future wrapping the result of that callable."]]],[]]


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