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Mocking the Cloud Bigtable C++ Client with Google Mock

In this document we describe how to write unit tests that mock google::cloud::bigtable::Table using Google Mock. This document assumes the reader is familiar with the Google Test and Google Mock frameworks and with the Cloud Bigtable C++ Client.

Mocking a successful Table::ReadRows()

First include the headers for the Table, the mocking classes, and the Google Mock framework.

#include "google/cloud/bigtable/mocks/mock_data_connection.h"
#include "google/cloud/bigtable/mocks/mock_row_reader.h"
#include "google/cloud/bigtable/table.h"
#include <gmock/gmock.h>

The example uses a number of aliases to save typing and improve readability:

using ::testing::ByMove;
using ::testing::ElementsAre;
using ::testing::Return;
namespace gc = ::google::cloud;
namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
namespace cbtm = ::google::cloud::bigtable_mocks;

Create a mock connection:

  auto mock = std::make_shared<cbtm::MockDataConnection>();

Now we are going to set expectations on this mock. For this test we will have it return a RowReader that will successfully yield "r1" then "r2". A helper function, bigtable_mocks::MakeRowReader() is provided for this purpose.

  std::vector<cbt::Row> rows = {cbt::Row("r1", {}), cbt::Row("r2", {})};
  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, ReadRowsFull)
      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(cbtm::MakeRowReader(rows))));

Create a table with the mocked connection:

  cbt::Table table(mock, cbt::TableResource("project", "instance", "table"));

Make the table call:

  auto reader = table.ReadRows(cbt::RowSet(), cbt::Filter::PassAllFilter());

To verify the results, we loop over the rows returned by the RowReader:

  std::vector<cbt::RowKeyType> row_keys;
  for (gc::StatusOr<cbt::Row> const& row : reader) {
    ASSERT_TRUE(row.ok());
    row_keys.push_back(row->row_key());
  }
  EXPECT_THAT(row_keys, ElementsAre("r1", "r2"));
Full Listing

Finally we present the full code for this example in the ReadRowsSuccess test.

We also provide ReadRowsFailure as an example for mocking an unsuccessful Table::ReadRows() call, plus AsyncReadRows as an example for how one might use the DataConnection to mock a Table::AsyncReadRows() call.


#include "google/cloud/bigtable/mocks/mock_data_connection.h"
#include "google/cloud/bigtable/mocks/mock_row_reader.h"
#include "google/cloud/bigtable/table.h"
#include <gmock/gmock.h>

namespace {

using ::testing::ByMove;
using ::testing::ElementsAre;
using ::testing::Return;
namespace gc = ::google::cloud;
namespace cbt = ::google::cloud::bigtable;
namespace cbtm = ::google::cloud::bigtable_mocks;

TEST(MockTableTest, ReadRowsSuccess) {
  // Create a mock connection:
  auto mock = std::make_shared<cbtm::MockDataConnection>();

  // Set up our mock connection to return a `RowReader` that will successfully
  // yield "r1" then "r2":
  std::vector<cbt::Row> rows = {cbt::Row("r1", {}), cbt::Row("r2", {})};
  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, ReadRowsFull)
      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(cbtm::MakeRowReader(rows))));

  // Create a table with the mocked connection:
  cbt::Table table(mock, cbt::TableResource("project", "instance", "table"));

  // Make the table call:
  auto reader = table.ReadRows(cbt::RowSet(), cbt::Filter::PassAllFilter());

  // Loop over the rows returned by the `RowReader` and verify the results:
  std::vector<cbt::RowKeyType> row_keys;
  for (gc::StatusOr<cbt::Row> const& row : reader) {
    ASSERT_TRUE(row.ok());
    row_keys.push_back(row->row_key());
  }
  EXPECT_THAT(row_keys, ElementsAre("r1", "r2"));
}

TEST(MockTableTest, ReadRowsFailure) {
  auto mock = std::make_shared<cbtm::MockDataConnection>();

  // Return a `RowReader` that yields only a failing status (no rows).
  gc::Status final_status(gc::StatusCode::kPermissionDenied, "fail");
  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, ReadRowsFull)
      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(cbtm::MakeRowReader({}, final_status))));

  cbt::Table table(mock, cbt::TableResource("project", "instance", "table"));
  cbt::RowReader reader =
      table.ReadRows(cbt::RowSet(), cbt::Filter::PassAllFilter());

  // In this test, we expect one `StatusOr<Row>`, that holds a bad status.
  auto it = reader.begin();
  ASSERT_NE(it, reader.end());
  EXPECT_FALSE((*it).ok());
  ASSERT_EQ(++it, reader.end());
}

TEST(TableTest, AsyncReadRows) {
  // Let's use an alias to ignore fields we don't care about.
  using ::testing::Unused;

  // Create a mock connection, and set its expectations.
  auto mock = std::make_shared<cbtm::MockDataConnection>();
  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, AsyncReadRows)
      .WillOnce([](Unused, auto const& on_row, auto const& on_finish, Unused,
                   Unused, Unused) {
        // Simulate returning two rows, "r1" and "r2", by invoking the `on_row`
        // callback. Verify the values of the returned `future<bool>`s.
        EXPECT_TRUE(on_row(cbt::Row("r1", {})).get());
        EXPECT_TRUE(on_row(cbt::Row("r2", {})).get());
        // Simulate a stream that ends successfully.
        on_finish(gc::Status());
      });

  // Create the table with a mocked connection.
  cbt::Table table(mock, cbt::TableResource("project", "instance", "table"));

  // These are example callbacks for demonstration purposes. Applications should
  // likely invoke their own callbacks when testing.
  auto on_row = [](cbt::Row const&) { return gc::make_ready_future(true); };
  auto on_finish = [](gc::Status const&) {};

  // Make the client call.
  table.AsyncReadRows(on_row, on_finish, cbt::RowSet(),
                      cbt::Filter::PassAllFilter());
}

}  // namespace

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-14 UTC."],[[["This document provides guidance on how to utilize Google Mock to create unit tests for the `google::cloud::bigtable::Table` class in the Cloud Bigtable C++ Client."],["The content demonstrates mocking a successful `Table::ReadRows()` call, where a `RowReader` is set up to return a predefined set of rows, such as \"r1\" and \"r2\", and shows how to verify the results."],["There is also a `ReadRowsFailure` example to demonstrate how to mock an unsuccessful `Table::ReadRows()` call, returning only a failing status."],["The document also includes `AsyncReadRows` as an example for mocking a `Table::AsyncReadRows()` call utilizing `DataConnection`."],["The current version the document covers is version 2.35.0, but it also lists links to older versions as well as the latest release candidate version, 2.37.0-rc."]]],[]]

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