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Configure apps to use SSH | Compute Engine Documentation

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This document describes how to configure apps to programmatically connect between two virtual machine (VM) instances using SSH and OS Login. Enabling apps to use SSH can be useful for automating system management processes.

All code samples used in this guide is hosted on the GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples GitHub page.

• Set up SSH for a service account.
• Set up OS Login on your project, or on a VM that runs as a service account.
• If you haven't already, then set up authentication. Authentication is the process by which your identity is verified for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:

  Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

  Console

  When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

  gcloud

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI. After installation, initialize the Google Cloud CLI by running the following command:

     gcloud init

     If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

     Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
  2. Set a default region and zone.

Set up your app to manage SSH keys and initiate SSH connections to Compute Engine VMs. At a high level, your app should do the following:

1. Import the Google OS Login library to build client libraries, which enables you to authenticate with the OS Login API.
2. Initialize the OS Login Client object to enable your app to use OS Login.
3. Implement a create_ssh_key() method that generates an SSH key for the VM's service account and adds the public key to the service account.
4. Call the get_login_profile() method from the OS Login library to get the POSIX user name that the service account uses.
5. Implement a run_ssh() method to execute a remote SSH command.
6. Remove the temporary SSH key files.

The oslogin_service_account_ssh.py sample app demonstrates a possible implementation of an SSH app. In this example, the app uses the run_ssh() method to execute a command on a remote instance and return the command output.

After you create an app that uses SSH, you can run the app by following a process similar to the following example, which installs and runs the oslogin_service_account_ssh.py sample app. The libraries you install may differ, depending on the programming language the app uses.

Alternatively, you can write an app that imports oslogin_service_account_ssh.py and runs it directly.

1. Connect to the VM that hosts the SSH app.

2. On the VM, install pip and the Python 3 client library:

   sudo apt update && sudo apt install python3-pip -y && pip install --upgrade google-cloud-os-login requests
   

3. Optional: If you are using the oslogin_service_account_ssh.py sample app, download it from GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples:

   curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/python-docs-samples/master/compute/oslogin/oslogin_service_account_ssh.py
   

4. Run the SSH app. The sample app uses argparse to accept variables from the command line. In this example, instruct the app to install and run cowsay on another VM in your project.

   python3 service_account_ssh.py \
      --cmd 'sudo apt install cowsay -y && cowsay "It works!"' \
      --project=PROJECT_ID --instance=VM_NAME --zone=ZONE
   

   Replace the following:

   • PROJECT_ID: the project ID of the VM that the app is connecting to.
   • VM_NAME: the name of the VM that the app is connecting to.
   • ZONE: the zone of the VM that the app is connecting to.

   The output is similar to the following:

   ⋮
   ___________
    It works!
   -----------
         \   ^__^
          \  (oo)\_______
             (__)\       )\/\
                 ||----w |
                 ||     ||
   

• Download and view the full code sample. The full sample includes a small example of using all of these methods together. Feel free to download it, change it, and run it to suit your needs.
• Learn more about about how SSH connections work in Compute Engine, including SSH key configuration and storage.

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["This guide outlines the process of configuring applications to establish programmatic connections between two virtual machine (VM) instances using SSH and OS Login, which can enhance system management automation."],["The document details the steps to set up an SSH app, including importing the Google OS Login library, initializing the OS Login Client, generating SSH keys, obtaining the service account's POSIX username, implementing an SSH command execution method, and managing temporary SSH key files."],["A sample Python app, `oslogin_service_account_ssh.py`, is provided as an example, demonstrating how to use the OS Login API to apply public SSH keys for a service account and execute commands on a remote instance over SSH, with code hosted on GitHub."],["Instructions are given on how to prepare your environment and run the provided sample app, including connecting to the VM, installing necessary libraries, and executing a remote command via SSH, including examples."],["The guide references how to view the full code sample on Github, and to learn more about SSH connections in Compute Engine, including SSH key configuration and storage."]]],[]]

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