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Create Compute Engine instances from machine images | Compute Engine Documentation

Create Compute Engine instances from machine images

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After you create a machine image, you can use it to make copies of the source compute instance. For more information about the uses of machine images, see when to use a machine image.

A machine image contains most of the information and data needed for cloning an instance.

A machine image is unchangeable. However, you can override almost all the properties of the machine image when creating an instance from the machine image.

You can create instances from machine images using either the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST.

Before you begin Required roles

To get the permissions that you need to create Compute Engine instances from machine images, ask your administrator to grant you the Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM role on the compute instance or project. For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.

You might also be able to get the required permissions through custom roles or other predefined roles.

Required permissions

The following permissions are required to create an instance from a machine image:

Restrictions

The following restrictions apply when you create instances from machine images:

Create an instance from a machine image (no override)

If you want to create an instance that is fully based on the machine image with no changes to the properties, use this method.

Console

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.

    Go to Create an instance

  2. In the auto_awesome Create VM from ... menu, select Machine images.

  3. In the Create VM from machine image window that appears, do the following:

    1. Select a machine image.

    2. To create and start the instance, click Create.

gcloud

Use the gcloud compute instances create command to create an instance from a machine image.

gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
    --zone=ZONE \
    --source-machine-image=SOURCE_MACHINE_IMAGE_NAME

Replace the following:

Example

For example, you can use the following gcloud command to create an instance named my-instance in the us-east1-b zone, from a machine image called my-machine-image.

gcloud compute instances create my-instance \
    --zone=us-east1-b \
    --source-machine-image=my-machine-image

After the instance is created, the output resembles the following:

Created [https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project-12345/zones/us-east1-b/instances/my-instance].
NAME               ZONE        MACHINE_TYPE   PREEMPTIBLE  INTERNAL_IP  EXTERNAL_IP   STATUS
my-instance        us-east1-b  e2-standard-2               192.0.2.1   203.224.0.113  RUNNING
REST

In the API, construct a POST request to the instances.insert method. In the request body, include the following parameters:

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
  "name": "INSTANCE_NAME",
  "sourceMachineImage": "SOURCE_MACHINE_IMAGE_URL"
}

Replace the following:

Create an instance from a machine image with property overrides

If you want to create an instance primarily based on the machine image but with a few changes, you can use the override behavior. To use the override behavior, you pass in attributes to override existing machine image properties when creating the instance.

When you use the override feature, take the following notes into consideration:

Console

  1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.

    Go to Create an instance

  2. In the auto_awesome Create VM from ... menu, select Machine images.

  3. In the Create VM from machine image window that appears, select a template, and then click edit Customize.

  4. Optional: Specify other configuration options. For more information, see Configuration options during instance creation.

  5. To create and start the instance, click Create.

gcloud

Use the gcloud compute instances create command to create an instance from a machine image and add the properties you want to override.

For example, you can use the following gcloud command to create a VM called my-instance in the us-east1-b zone, from a machine image called my-machine-image. In this example overrides are applied to change the machine type, stop the host maintenance policy, and configure a regional persistent disk with the name regional-disk-0.

gcloud compute instances create my-instance \
    --zone=us-east1-b \
    --source-machine-image=my-machine-image \
    --machine-type=e2-standard-2 \
    --maintenance-policy=TERMINATE \
    --create-disk=device-name=boot-device-0,boot=true,auto-delete=true \
    --create-disk=device-name=regional-disk-0,\
      replica-zones=^:^us-east1-b:us-east1-c,boot=false
REST

To override machine image properties during instance creation, construct a POST request to the instances.insert method. In the request body, include the sourceMachineImage parameter and any overrides that you need. You can add any property that you would normally set during instance creation. For example, to override the machine type, your API call would include the machineType parameter.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
  "name": "INSTANCE_NAME",
  "machineType": "zones/ZONE/machineTypes/NEW_MACHINE_TYPE",
  "sourceMachineImage": "SOURCE_MACHINE_IMAGE_URL"
}

Replace the following:

Override behavior

The override behavior in the Compute Engine API follows the JSON merge patch rules, described by RFC 7396. In summary, the following rules apply:

For example, if you want to create a VM from a machine image, and create regional disks with the VM, use an override for the disks so you can specify the replicaZones option. Because the disks field is a repeated field, you must specify the disk configuration for all attached disks and the boot disk, not just the regional disks.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-proj/zones/us-west1-a/instances
{
  "name": "vm-from-image",
  "sourceMachineImage": "global/machineImages/my-machine-image",
  "disks": [
    {
      "kind": "compute#attachedDisks",
      "boot": true,
      "autoDelete": true,
      "deviceName": "boot-device",
      "initializeParams": {
        "sourceImage": "projects/my-proj/global/images/my-image",
        "diskType": "projects/my-proj/zones/us-west1-a/diskTypes/pd-standard",
      }
    },
    {
      "kind": "compute#attachedDisk",
      "boot": false,
      "autoDelete": true,
      "deviceName": "regional-device-0",
      "initializeParams": {
         "diskType": "projects/my-proj/zones/us-west1-a/diskTypes/pd-standard",
         "replicaZones": [
            "projects/my-proj/zones/us-west1-a",
            "projects/my-proj/zones/us-west1-c"
         ]
      }
    }
  ]
}
Create an instance using a machine image from a different project

When you create an instance by using a machine image from a different project, you might not have access to the service account attached to that source project. If you want to create an instance from a machine image that is located in a different project, you need to ensure that you have access to the machine image and override the service account property on the new instance.

If you share a machine image across projects that use a Shared VPC network, you must explicitly specify the Shared VPC details when you create an instance from the machine image. For example, when you create an instance in a non-host project, provide the Shared VPC details of the host project using the --network, --subnet, or --network-interface flags.

The following sections outlines how to create an instance from a machine image located in a different project by using the Google Cloud CLI.

  1. Grant access to the machine image that is stored in a different project.

    Permissions can be granted on either the source project or the machine image. Use the gcloud compute machine-images add-iam-policy-binding command to grant the permissions on the machine image.

    gcloud compute machine-images add-iam-policy-binding MACHINE_IMAGE_NAME \
    --project=MACHINE_IMAGE_PROJECT \
    --member='ACCOUNT_EMAIL' \
    --role='roles/compute.admin'

    Replace the following:

    Example

    For example, to add a compute.admin binding to the machine image called my-machine-image to the service account email 123456789000-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com, use the following gcloud CLI command:

    gcloud compute machine-images add-iam-policy-binding my-machine-image \
    --project=machine-image-project \
    --member='serviceAccount:123456789000-compute@developer.gserviceaccount.com' \
    --role='roles/compute.admin'

  2. Grant the user who runs the gcloud compute instances create command the Service Account User role (roles/iam.serviceAccountUser) on the service account associated with the machine image.

  3. Use the gcloud compute instances create command to create an instance from a machine image.

    gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
    --project=INSTANCE_PROJECT_ID \
    --zone=ZONE \
    --source-machine-image=projects/MACHINE_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/machineImages/MACHINE_IMAGE_NAME \
    --service-account=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL \
    --subnet=SUBNET

    Replace the following:

What's next?

Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, and code samples are licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. For details, see the Google Developers Site Policies. Java is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC.

[[["Easy to understand","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Solved my problem","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Other","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Hard to understand","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Incorrect information or sample code","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Missing the information/samples I need","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Other","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Last updated 2025-08-07 UTC."],[[["Machine images allow you to create copies of a source compute instance, containing most of the information and data needed for cloning."],["Instances can be created from machine images using the Google Cloud console, the Google Cloud CLI, or REST, offering flexibility in how you manage your instances."],["When creating instances from machine images, there's a limitation of creating at most 6 instances from the same source in 60 minutes, and exceeding this limit will return an operation rate error."],["You can override properties of the machine image when creating an instance, allowing for modifications to configurations like machine type and disk settings, however, you cannot override the properties of the attached disk except for the disk name."],["When using a machine image from a different project, you need to grant proper access permissions to the image and override the service account property on the new instance in order to properly launch it."]]],[]]

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