ABS
Computes the absolute value of X
. ACOS
Computes the inverse cosine of X
. ACOSH
Computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine of X
. AEAD.DECRYPT_BYTES
Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES
ciphertext. AEAD.DECRYPT_STRING
Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES
ciphertext into a STRING
plaintext. AEAD.ENCRYPT
Encrypts STRING
plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset. ANY_VALUE
Gets an expression for some row. APPENDS
Returns all rows appended to a table for a given time range. APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT
Gets the approximate result for COUNT(DISTINCT expression)
. APPROX_QUANTILES
Gets the approximate quantile boundaries. APPROX_TOP_COUNT
Gets the approximate top elements and their approximate count. APPROX_TOP_SUM
Gets the approximate top elements and sum, based on the approximate sum of an assigned weight. ARRAY
Produces an array with one element for each row in a subquery. ARRAY_AGG
Gets an array of values. ARRAY_CONCAT
Concatenates one or more arrays with the same element type into a single array. ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG
Concatenates arrays and returns a single array as a result. ARRAY_FIRST
Gets the first element in an array. ARRAY_LAST
Gets the last element in an array. ARRAY_LENGTH
Gets the number of elements in an array. ARRAY_REVERSE
Reverses the order of elements in an array. ARRAY_SLICE
Produces an array containing zero or more consecutive elements from an input array. ARRAY_TO_STRING
Produces a concatenation of the elements in an array as a STRING
value. ASCII
Gets the ASCII code for the first character or byte in a STRING
or BYTES
value. ASIN
Computes the inverse sine of X
. ASINH
Computes the inverse hyperbolic sine of X
. ATAN
Computes the inverse tangent of X
. ATAN2
Computes the inverse tangent of X/Y
, using the signs of X
and Y
to determine the quadrant. ATANH
Computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent of X
. AVG
Gets the average of non-NULL
values. AVG
(Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
-supported AVG
.
Gets the differentially-private average of non-NULL
, non-NaN
values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
clause.
BAG_OF_WORDS
Gets the frequency of each term (token) in a tokenized document. BIT_AND
Performs a bitwise AND operation on an expression. BIT_COUNT
Gets the number of bits that are set in an input expression. BIT_OR
Performs a bitwise OR operation on an expression. BIT_XOR
Performs a bitwise XOR operation on an expression. BOOL
Converts a JSON boolean to a SQL BOOL
value. BYTE_LENGTH
Gets the number of BYTES
in a STRING
or BYTES
value. CAST
Convert the results of an expression to the given type. CBRT
Computes the cube root of X
. CEIL
Gets the smallest integral value that isn't less than X
. CEILING
Synonym of CEIL
. CHANGES
Returns all rows that have changed in a table for a given time range. CHAR_LENGTH
Gets the number of characters in a STRING
value. CHARACTER_LENGTH
Synonym for CHAR_LENGTH
. CHR
Converts a Unicode code point to a character. CODE_POINTS_TO_BYTES
Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a BYTES
value. CODE_POINTS_TO_STRING
Converts an array of extended ASCII code points to a STRING
value. COLLATE
Combines a STRING
value and a collation specification into a collation specification-supported STRING
value. CONCAT
Concatenates one or more STRING
or BYTES
values into a single result. CONTAINS_SUBSTR
Performs a normalized, case-insensitive search to see if a value exists as a substring in an expression. CORR
Computes the Pearson coefficient of correlation of a set of number pairs. COS
Computes the cosine of X
. COSH
Computes the hyperbolic cosine of X
. COSINE_DISTANCE
Computes the cosine distance between two vectors. COT
Computes the cotangent of X
. COTH
Computes the hyperbolic cotangent of X
. COUNT
Gets the number of rows in the input, or the number of rows with an expression evaluated to any value other than NULL
. COUNT
(Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
-supported COUNT
.
Signature 1: Gets the differentially-private count of rows in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
clause.
Signature 2: Gets the differentially-private count of rows with a non-NULL
expression in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
clause.
COUNTIF
Gets the number of TRUE
values for an expression. COVAR_POP
Computes the population covariance of a set of number pairs. COVAR_SAMP
Computes the sample covariance of a set of number pairs. CSC
Computes the cosecant of X
. CSCH
Computes the hyperbolic cosecant of X
. CUME_DIST
Gets the cumulative distribution (relative position (0,1]) of each row within a window. CURRENT_DATE
Returns the current date as a DATE
value. CURRENT_DATETIME
Returns the current date and time as a DATETIME
value. CURRENT_TIME
Returns the current time as a TIME
value. CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Returns the current date and time as a TIMESTAMP
object. DATE
Constructs a DATE
value. DATE_ADD
Adds a specified time interval to a DATE
value. DATE_BUCKET
Gets the lower bound of the date bucket that contains a date. DATE_DIFF
Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATE
values at a particular time granularity. DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE
Interprets an INT64
expression as the number of days since 1970-01-01. DATE_SUB
Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATE
value. DATE_TRUNC
Truncates a DATE
, DATETIME
, or TIMESTAMP
value at a particular granularity. DATETIME
Constructs a DATETIME
value. DATETIME_ADD
Adds a specified time interval to a DATETIME
value. DATETIME_BUCKET
Gets the lower bound of the datetime bucket that contains a datetime. DATETIME_DIFF
Gets the number of unit boundaries between two DATETIME
values at a particular time granularity. DATETIME_SUB
Subtracts a specified time interval from a DATETIME
value. DATETIME_TRUNC
Truncates a DATETIME
or TIMESTAMP
value at a particular granularity. DENSE_RANK
Gets the dense rank (1-based, no gaps) of each row within a window. DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_BYTES
Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES
ciphertext, using deterministic AEAD. DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT_STRING
Uses the matching key from a keyset to decrypt a BYTES
ciphertext into a STRING
plaintext, using deterministic AEAD. DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT
Encrypts STRING
plaintext, using the primary cryptographic key in a keyset, using deterministic AEAD encryption. DIV
Divides integer X
by integer Y
. DLP_DETERMINISTIC_ENCRYPT
Encrypts data with a DLP compatible algorithm. DLP_DETERMINISTIC_DECRYPT
Decrypts DLP-encrypted data. DLP_KEY_CHAIN
Gets a data encryption key that's wrapped by Cloud Key Management Service. FLOAT64
Converts a JSON number to a SQL FLOAT64
value. EDIT_DISTANCE
Computes the Levenshtein distance between two STRING
or BYTES
values. ENDS_WITH
Checks if a STRING
or BYTES
value is the suffix of another value. ERROR
Produces an error with a custom error message. EXP
Computes e
to the power of X
. EXTERNAL_OBJECT_TRANSFORM
Produces an object table with the original columns plus one or more additional columns. EXTERNAL_QUERY
Executes a query on an external database and returns the results as a temporary table. EXTRACT
Extracts part of a date from a DATE
value. EXTRACT
Extracts part of a date and time from a DATETIME
value. EXTRACT
Extracts part of an INTERVAL
value. EXTRACT
Extracts part of a TIME
value. EXTRACT
Extracts part of a TIMESTAMP
value. EUCLIDEAN_DISTANCE
Computes the Euclidean distance between two vectors. FARM_FINGERPRINT
Computes the fingerprint of a STRING
or BYTES
value, using the FarmHash Fingerprint64 algorithm. FIRST_VALUE
Gets a value for the first row in the current window frame. FLOOR
Gets the largest integral value that isn't greater than X
. FORMAT_DATE
Formats a DATE
value according to a specified format string. FORMAT_DATETIME
Formats a DATETIME
value according to a specified format string. FORMAT_TIME
Formats a TIME
value according to the specified format string. FORMAT_TIMESTAMP
Formats a TIMESTAMP
value according to the specified format string. FORMAT
Formats data and produces the results as a STRING
value. FROM_BASE32
Converts a base32-encoded STRING
value into a BYTES
value. FROM_BASE64
Converts a base64-encoded STRING
value into a BYTES
value. FROM_HEX
Converts a hexadecimal-encoded STRING
value into a BYTES
value. GAP_FILL
Finds and fills gaps in a time series. GENERATE_ARRAY
Generates an array of values in a range. GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY
Generates an array of dates in a range. GENERATE_RANGE_ARRAY
Splits a range into an array of subranges. GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY
Generates an array of timestamps in a range. GENERATE_UUID
Produces a random universally unique identifier (UUID) as a STRING
value. GREATEST
Gets the greatest value among X1,...,XN
. GROUPING
Checks if a groupable value in the GROUP BY
clause is aggregated. HLL_COUNT.EXTRACT
Extracts a cardinality estimate of an HLL++ sketch. HLL_COUNT.INIT
Aggregates values of the same underlying type into a new HLL++ sketch. HLL_COUNT.MERGE
Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch, and then gets the cardinality of the new sketch. HLL_COUNT.MERGE_PARTIAL
Merges HLL++ sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch. IEEE_DIVIDE
Divides X
by Y
, but doesn't generate errors for division by zero or overflow. INITCAP
Formats a STRING
as proper case, which means that the first character in each word is uppercase and all other characters are lowercase. INSTR
Finds the position of a subvalue inside another value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence. INT64
Converts a JSON number to a SQL INT64
value. IS_INF
Checks if X
is positive or negative infinity. IS_NAN
Checks if X
is a NaN
value. JSON_ARRAY
Creates a JSON array. JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
Appends JSON data to the end of a JSON array. JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
Inserts JSON data into a JSON array. JSON_EXTRACT
(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING
or JSON
value. JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY
(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING>
or ARRAY<JSON>
value. JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR
(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING
value. JSON_EXTRACT_STRING_ARRAY
(Deprecated) Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING>
value. JSON_KEYS
Extracts unique JSON keys from a JSON expression. JSON_OBJECT
Creates a JSON object. JSON_QUERY
Extracts a JSON value and converts it to a SQL JSON-formatted STRING
or JSON
value. JSON_QUERY_ARRAY
Extracts a JSON array and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<JSON-formatted STRING>
or ARRAY<JSON>
value. JSON_REMOVE
Produces JSON with the specified JSON data removed. JSON_SET
Inserts or replaces JSON data. JSON_STRIP_NULLS
Removes JSON nulls from JSON objects and JSON arrays. JSON_TYPE
Gets the JSON type of the outermost JSON value and converts the name of this type to a SQL STRING
value. JSON_VALUE
Extracts a JSON scalar value and converts it to a SQL STRING
value. JSON_VALUE_ARRAY
Extracts a JSON array of scalar values and converts it to a SQL ARRAY<STRING>
value. JUSTIFY_DAYS
Normalizes the day part of an INTERVAL
value. JUSTIFY_HOURS
Normalizes the time part of an INTERVAL
value. JUSTIFY_INTERVAL
Normalizes the day and time parts of an INTERVAL
value. KEYS.ADD_KEY_FROM_RAW_BYTES
Adds a key to a keyset, and return the new keyset as a serialized BYTES
value. KEYS.KEYSET_CHAIN
Produces a Tink keyset that's encrypted with a Cloud KMS key. KEYS.KEYSET_FROM_JSON
Converts a STRING
JSON keyset to a serialized BYTES
value. KEYS.KEYSET_LENGTH
Gets the number of keys in the provided keyset. KEYS.KEYSET_TO_JSON
Gets a JSON STRING
representation of a keyset. KEYS.NEW_KEYSET
Gets a serialized keyset containing a new key based on the key type. KEYS.NEW_WRAPPED_KEYSET
Creates a new keyset and encrypts it with a Cloud KMS key. KEYS.REWRAP_KEYSET
Re-encrypts a wrapped keyset with a new Cloud KMS key. KEYS.ROTATE_KEYSET
Adds a new primary cryptographic key to a keyset, based on the key type. KEYS.ROTATE_WRAPPED_KEYSET
Rewraps a keyset and rotates it. KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_INT64
Gets a selected number of quantiles from an INT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_FLOAT64
Gets a selected number of quantiles from a FLOAT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_INT64
Gets a specific quantile from an INT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.EXTRACT_POINT_FLOAT64
Gets a specific quantile from a FLOAT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_INT64
Aggregates values into an INT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.INIT_FLOAT64
Aggregates values into a FLOAT64
-initialized KLL sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_INT64
Merges INT64
-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_FLOAT64
Merges FLOAT64
-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets the quantiles from the new sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_PARTIAL
Merges KLL sketches of the same underlying type into a new sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_INT64
Merges INT64
-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch. KLL_QUANTILES.MERGE_POINT_FLOAT64
Merges FLOAT64
-initialized KLL sketches into a new sketch, and then gets a specific quantile from the new sketch. LAG
Gets a value for a preceding row. LAST_DAY
Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATE
value. LAST_DAY
Gets the last day in a specified time period that contains a DATETIME
value. LAST_VALUE
Gets a value for the last row in the current window frame. LAX_BOOL
Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL BOOL
value. LAX_FLOAT64
Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL FLOAT64
value. LAX_INT64
Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL INT64
value. LAX_STRING
Attempts to convert a JSON value to a SQL STRING
value. LEAD
Gets a value for a subsequent row. LEAST
Gets the least value among X1,...,XN
. LEFT
Gets the specified leftmost portion from a STRING
or BYTES
value. LENGTH
Gets the length of a STRING
or BYTES
value. LN
Computes the natural logarithm of X
. LOG
Computes the natural logarithm of X
or the logarithm of X
to base Y
. LOG10
Computes the natural logarithm of X
to base 10. LOGICAL_AND
Gets the logical AND of all non-NULL
expressions. LOGICAL_OR
Gets the logical OR of all non-NULL
expressions. LOWER
Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING
value as lowercase.
Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES
value as lowercase.
LPAD
Prepends a STRING
or BYTES
value with a pattern. LTRIM
Identical to the TRIM
function, but only removes leading characters. MAKE_INTERVAL
Constructs an INTERVAL
value. MAX
Gets the maximum non-NULL
value. MAX_BY
Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MAX y)
. MD5
Computes the hash of a STRING
or BYTES
value, using the MD5 algorithm. MIN
Gets the minimum non-NULL
value. MIN_BY
Synonym for ANY_VALUE(x HAVING MIN y)
. MOD
Gets the remainder of the division of X
by Y
. NET.HOST
Gets the hostname from a URL. NET.IP_FROM_STRING
Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a STRING
value to a BYTES
value in network byte order. NET.IP_NET_MASK
Gets a network mask. NET.IP_TO_STRING
Converts an IPv4 or IPv6 address from a BYTES
value in network byte order to a STRING
value. NET.IP_TRUNC
Converts a BYTES
IPv4 or IPv6 address in network byte order to a BYTES
subnet address. NET.IPV4_FROM_INT64
Converts an IPv4 address from an INT64
value to a BYTES
value in network byte order. NET.IPV4_TO_INT64
Converts an IPv4 address from a BYTES
value in network byte order to an INT64
value. NET.PUBLIC_SUFFIX
Gets the public suffix from a URL. NET.REG_DOMAIN
Gets the registered or registrable domain from a URL. NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING
Similar to the NET.IP_FROM_STRING
, but returns NULL
instead of producing an error if the input is invalid. NORMALIZE
Case-sensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING
value. NORMALIZE_AND_CASEFOLD
Case-insensitively normalizes the characters in a STRING
value. NTH_VALUE
Gets a value for the Nth row of the current window frame. NTILE
Gets the quantile bucket number (1-based) of each row within a window. OBJ.FETCH_METADATA
Fetches Cloud Storage metadata for a partially populated ObjectRef
value. OBJ.GET_ACCESS_URL
Returns access URLs for a Cloud Storage object. OBJ.MAKE_REF
Creates an ObjectRef
value that contains reference information for a Cloud Storage object. OCTET_LENGTH
Alias for BYTE_LENGTH
. PARSE_BIGNUMERIC
Converts a STRING
value to a BIGNUMERIC
value. PARSE_DATE
Converts a STRING
value to a DATE
value. PARSE_DATETIME
Converts a STRING
value to a DATETIME
value. PARSE_JSON
Converts a JSON-formatted STRING
value to a JSON
value. PARSE_NUMERIC
Converts a STRING
value to a NUMERIC
value. PARSE_TIME
Converts a STRING
value to a TIME
value. PARSE_TIMESTAMP
Converts a STRING
value to a TIMESTAMP
value. PERCENT_RANK
Gets the percentile rank (from 0 to 1) of each row within a window. PERCENTILE_CONT
Computes the specified percentile for a value, using linear interpolation. PERCENTILE_CONT
(Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
-supported PERCENTILE_CONT
.
Computes a differentially-private percentile across privacy unit columns in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
clause.
PERCENTILE_DISC
Computes the specified percentile for a discrete value. POW
Produces the value of X
raised to the power of Y
. POWER
Synonym of POW
. RAND
Generates a pseudo-random value of type FLOAT64
in the range of [0, 1)
. RANGE
Constructs a range of DATE
, DATETIME
, or TIMESTAMP
values. RANGE_BUCKET
Scans through a sorted array and returns the 0-based position of a point's upper bound. RANGE_CONTAINS
Signature 1: Checks if one range is in another range.
Signature 2: Checks if a value is in a range.
RANGE_END
Gets the upper bound of a range. RANGE_INTERSECT
Gets a segment of two ranges that intersect. RANGE_OVERLAPS
Checks if two ranges overlap. RANGE_SESSIONIZE
Produces a table of sessionized ranges. RANGE_START
Gets the lower bound of a range. RANK
Gets the rank (1-based) of each row within a window. REGEXP_CONTAINS
Checks if a value is a partial match for a regular expression. REGEXP_EXTRACT
Produces a substring that matches a regular expression. REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL
Produces an array of all substrings that match a regular expression. REGEXP_INSTR
Finds the position of a regular expression match in a value, optionally starting the search at a given offset or occurrence. REGEXP_REPLACE
Produces a STRING
value where all substrings that match a regular expression are replaced with a specified value. REGEXP_SUBSTR
Synonym for REGEXP_EXTRACT
. REPEAT
Produces a STRING
or BYTES
value that consists of an original value, repeated. REPLACE
Replaces all occurrences of a pattern with another pattern in a STRING
or BYTES
value. REVERSE
Reverses a STRING
or BYTES
value. RIGHT
Gets the specified rightmost portion from a STRING
or BYTES
value. ROUND
Rounds X
to the nearest integer or rounds X
to N
decimal places after the decimal point. ROW_NUMBER
Gets the sequential row number (1-based) of each row within a window. RPAD
Appends a STRING
or BYTES
value with a pattern. RTRIM
Identical to the TRIM
function, but only removes trailing characters. S2_CELLIDFROMPOINT
Gets the S2 cell ID covering a point GEOGRAPHY
value. S2_COVERINGCELLIDS
Gets an array of S2 cell IDs that cover a GEOGRAPHY
value. SAFE_ADD
Equivalent to the addition operator (X + Y
), but returns NULL
if overflow occurs. SAFE_CAST
Similar to the CAST
function, but returns NULL
when a runtime error is produced. SAFE_CONVERT_BYTES_TO_STRING
Converts a BYTES
value to a STRING
value and replace any invalid UTF-8 characters with the Unicode replacement character, U+FFFD
. SAFE_DIVIDE
Equivalent to the division operator (X / Y
), but returns NULL
if an error occurs. SAFE_MULTIPLY
Equivalent to the multiplication operator (X * Y
), but returns NULL
if overflow occurs. SAFE_NEGATE
Equivalent to the unary minus operator (-X
), but returns NULL
if overflow occurs. SAFE_SUBTRACT
Equivalent to the subtraction operator (X - Y
), but returns NULL
if overflow occurs. SEARCH
Checks to see whether a table or other search data contains a set of search terms. SEC
Computes the secant of X
. SECH
Computes the hyperbolic secant of X
. SESSION_USER
Get the email address or principal identifier of the user that's running the query. SHA1
Computes the hash of a STRING
or BYTES
value, using the SHA-1 algorithm. SHA256
Computes the hash of a STRING
or BYTES
value, using the SHA-256 algorithm. SHA512
Computes the hash of a STRING
or BYTES
value, using the SHA-512 algorithm. SIGN
Produces -1 , 0, or +1 for negative, zero, and positive arguments respectively. SIN
Computes the sine of X
. SINH
Computes the hyperbolic sine of X
. SOUNDEX
Gets the Soundex codes for words in a STRING
value. SPLIT
Splits a STRING
or BYTES
value, using a delimiter. SQRT
Computes the square root of X
. ST_ANGLE
Takes three point GEOGRAPHY
values, which represent two intersecting lines, and returns the angle between these lines. ST_AREA
Gets the area covered by the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_ASBINARY
Converts a GEOGRAPHY
value to a BYTES
WKB geography value. ST_ASGEOJSON
Converts a GEOGRAPHY
value to a STRING
GeoJSON geography value. ST_ASTEXT
Converts a GEOGRAPHY
value to a STRING
WKT geography value. ST_AZIMUTH
Gets the azimuth of a line segment formed by two point GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_BOUNDARY
Gets the union of component boundaries in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_BOUNDINGBOX
Gets the bounding box for a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_BUFFER
Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY
value, using a specific number of segments. ST_BUFFERWITHTOLERANCE
Gets the buffer around a GEOGRAPHY
value, using tolerance. ST_CENTROID
Gets the centroid of a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_CENTROID_AGG
Gets the centroid of a set of GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_CLOSESTPOINT
Gets the point on a GEOGRAPHY
value which is closest to any point in a second GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_CLUSTERDBSCAN
Performs DBSCAN clustering on a group of GEOGRAPHY
values and produces a 0-based cluster number for this row. ST_CONTAINS
Checks if one GEOGRAPHY
value contains another GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_CONVEXHULL
Returns the convex hull for a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_COVEREDBY
Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY
value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_COVERS
Checks if all points of a GEOGRAPHY
value are on the boundary or interior of another GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_DIFFERENCE
Gets the point set difference between two GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_DIMENSION
Gets the dimension of the highest-dimensional element in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_DISJOINT
Checks if two GEOGRAPHY
values are disjoint (don't intersect). ST_DISTANCE
Gets the shortest distance in meters between two GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_DUMP
Returns an array of simple GEOGRAPHY
components in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_DWITHIN
Checks if any points in two GEOGRAPHY
values are within a given distance. ST_ENDPOINT
Gets the last point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_EQUALS
Checks if two GEOGRAPHY
values represent the same GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_EXTENT
Gets the bounding box for a group of GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_EXTERIORRING
Returns a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value that corresponds to the outermost ring of a polygon GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_GEOGFROM
Converts a STRING
or BYTES
value into a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_GEOGFROMGEOJSON
Converts a STRING
GeoJSON geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_GEOGFROMTEXT
Converts a STRING
WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_GEOGFROMWKB
Converts a BYTES
or hexadecimal-text STRING
WKT geometry value into a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_GEOGPOINT
Creates a point GEOGRAPHY
value for a given longitude and latitude. ST_GEOGPOINTFROMGEOHASH
Gets a point GEOGRAPHY
value that's in the middle of a bounding box defined in a STRING
GeoHash value. ST_GEOHASH
Converts a point GEOGRAPHY
value to a STRING
GeoHash value. ST_GEOMETRYTYPE
Gets the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) geometry type for a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_HAUSDORFFDISTANCE
Gets the discrete Hausdorff distance between two geometries. ST_HAUSDORFFDWITHIN
Checks if the Hausdorff distance between two GEOGRAPHY
values is within a given distance. ST_INTERIORRINGS
Gets the interior rings of a polygon GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_INTERSECTION
Gets the point set intersection of two GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_INTERSECTS
Checks if at least one point appears in two GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_INTERSECTSBOX
Checks if a GEOGRAPHY
value intersects a rectangle. ST_ISCLOSED
Checks if all components in a GEOGRAPHY
value are closed. ST_ISCOLLECTION
Checks if the total number of points, linestrings, and polygons is greater than one in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_ISEMPTY
Checks if a GEOGRAPHY
value is empty. ST_ISRING
Checks if a GEOGRAPHY
value is a closed, simple linestring. ST_LENGTH
Gets the total length of lines in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_LINEINTERPOLATEPOINT
Gets a point at a specific fraction in a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_LINELOCATEPOINT
Gets a section of a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value between the start point and a point GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_LINESUBSTRING
Gets a segment of a single linestring at a specific starting and ending fraction. ST_MAKELINE
Creates a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value by concatenating the point and linestring vertices of GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_MAKEPOLYGON
Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY
value by combining a polygon shell with polygon holes. ST_MAKEPOLYGONORIENTED
Constructs a polygon GEOGRAPHY
value, using an array of linestring GEOGRAPHY
values. The vertex ordering of each linestring determines the orientation of each polygon ring. ST_MAXDISTANCE
Gets the longest distance between two non-empty GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_NPOINTS
An alias of ST_NUMPOINTS
. ST_NUMGEOMETRIES
Gets the number of geometries in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_NUMPOINTS
Gets the number of vertices in the a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_PERIMETER
Gets the length of the boundary of the polygons in a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_POINTN
Gets the point at a specific index of a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_REGIONSTATS
Computes statistics describing the pixels in a geospatial raster image that intersect a GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_SIMPLIFY
Converts a GEOGRAPHY
value into a simplified GEOGRAPHY
value, using tolerance. ST_SNAPTOGRID
Produces a GEOGRAPHY
value, where each vertex has been snapped to a longitude/latitude grid. ST_STARTPOINT
Gets the first point of a linestring GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_TOUCHES
Checks if two GEOGRAPHY
values intersect and their interiors have no elements in common. ST_UNION
Gets the point set union of multiple GEOGRAPHY
values. ST_UNION_AGG
Aggregates over GEOGRAPHY
values and gets their point set union. ST_WITHIN
Checks if one GEOGRAPHY
value contains another GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_X
Gets the longitude from a point GEOGRAPHY
value. ST_Y
Gets the latitude from a point GEOGRAPHY
value. STARTS_WITH
Checks if a STRING
or BYTES
value is a prefix of another value. STDDEV
An alias of the STDDEV_SAMP
function. STDDEV_POP
Computes the population (biased) standard deviation of the values. STDDEV_SAMP
Computes the sample (unbiased) standard deviation of the values. STRING
(JSON) Converts a JSON string to a SQL STRING
value. STRING
(Timestamp) Converts a TIMESTAMP
value to a STRING
value. STRING_AGG
Concatenates non-NULL
STRING
or BYTES
values. STRPOS
Finds the position of the first occurrence of a subvalue inside another value. SUBSTR
Gets a portion of a STRING
or BYTES
value. SUBSTRING
Alias for SUBSTR
SUM
Gets the sum of non-NULL
values. SUM
(Differential Privacy) DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
-supported SUM
.
Gets the differentially-private sum of non-NULL
, non-NaN
values in a query with a DIFFERENTIAL_PRIVACY
clause.
TAN
Computes the tangent of X
. TANH
Computes the hyperbolic tangent of X
. TEXT_ANALYZE
Extracts terms (tokens) from text and converts them into a tokenized document. TF_IDF
Evaluates how relevant a term (token) is to a tokenized document in a set of tokenized documents. TIME
Constructs a TIME
value. TIME_ADD
Adds a specified time interval to a TIME
value. TIME_DIFF
Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIME
values at a particular time granularity. TIME_SUB
Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIME
value. TIME_TRUNC
Truncates a TIME
value at a particular granularity. TIMESTAMP
Constructs a TIMESTAMP
value. TIMESTAMP_ADD
Adds a specified time interval to a TIMESTAMP
value. TIMESTAMP_BUCKET
Gets the lower bound of the timestamp bucket that contains a timestamp. TIMESTAMP_DIFF
Gets the number of unit boundaries between two TIMESTAMP
values at a particular time granularity. TIMESTAMP_MICROS
Converts the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP
. TIMESTAMP_MILLIS
Converts the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP
. TIMESTAMP_SECONDS
Converts the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC to a TIMESTAMP
. TIMESTAMP_SUB
Subtracts a specified time interval from a TIMESTAMP
value. TIMESTAMP_TRUNC
Truncates a TIMESTAMP
or DATETIME
value at a particular granularity. TO_BASE32
Converts a BYTES
value to a base32-encoded STRING
value. TO_BASE64
Converts a BYTES
value to a base64-encoded STRING
value. TO_CODE_POINTS
Converts a STRING
or BYTES
value into an array of extended ASCII code points. TO_HEX
Converts a BYTES
value to a hexadecimal STRING
value. TO_JSON
Converts a SQL value to a JSON value. TO_JSON_STRING
Converts a SQL value to a JSON-formatted STRING
value. TRANSLATE
Within a value, replaces each source character with the corresponding target character. TRIM
Removes the specified leading and trailing Unicode code points or bytes from a STRING
or BYTES
value. TRUNC
Rounds a number like ROUND(X)
or ROUND(X, N)
, but always rounds towards zero and never overflows. TYPEOF
Gets the name of the data type for an expression. UNICODE
Gets the Unicode code point for the first character in a value. UNIX_DATE
Converts a DATE
value to the number of days since 1970-01-01. UNIX_MICROS
Converts a TIMESTAMP
value to the number of microseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. UNIX_MILLIS
Converts a TIMESTAMP
value to the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. UNIX_SECONDS
Converts a TIMESTAMP
value to the number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC. UPPER
Formats alphabetic characters in a STRING
value as uppercase.
Formats ASCII characters in a BYTES
value as uppercase.
VAR_POP
Computes the population (biased) variance of the values. VAR_SAMP
Computes the sample (unbiased) variance of the values. VARIANCE
An alias of VAR_SAMP
. VECTOR_SEARCH
Performs a vector search on embeddings to find semantically similar entities. VECTOR_INDEX.STATISTICS
Calculate how much an indexed table's data has drifted between when a vector index was trained and the present.
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