------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The Agda standard library -- -- Lists, based on the Kleene star and plus, basic types and operations. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ {-# OPTIONS --cubical-compatible --safe #-} module Data.List.Kleene.Base where open import Algebra.Core using (Op₂) open import Data.Product.Base as Product using (_×_; _,_; map₂; map₁; proj₁; proj₂) open import Data.Nat.Base as ℕ using (ℕ; suc; zero) open import Data.Maybe.Base as Maybe using (Maybe; just; nothing; maybe′) open import Data.Sum.Base as Sum using (_⊎_; inj₁; inj₂) open import Function.Base using (id; _$_; _∘_) open import Level using (Level) private variable a b c : Level A : Set a B : Set b C : Set c ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Definitions -- -- These lists are exactly equivalent to normal lists, except the "cons" -- case is split into its own data type. This lets us write all the same -- functions as before, but it has 2 advantages: -- -- * Some functions are easier to express on the non-empty type. Head, -- for instance, has a natural safe implementation. Having the -- non-empty type be defined mutually with the normal type makes the -- use of this non-empty type occasionally more ergonomic. -- * It can make some proofs easier. By using the non-empty type where -- possible, we can avoid an extra pattern match, which can really -- simplify certain proofs. infixr 5 _&_ ∹_ infixl 4 _+ _* record _+ {a} (A : Set a) : Set a data _* {a} (A : Set a) : Set a -- Non-Empty Lists record _+ A where inductive constructor _&_ field head : A tail : A * -- Possibly Empty Lists data _* A where [] : A * ∹_ : A + → A * open _+ public ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Uncons uncons : A * → Maybe (A +) uncons [] = nothing uncons (∹ xs) = just xs ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- FoldMap foldMap+ : Op₂ B → (A → B) → A + → B foldMap+ _∙_ f (x & []) = f x foldMap+ _∙_ f (x & ∹ xs) = f x ∙ foldMap+ _∙_ f xs foldMap* : Op₂ B → B → (A → B) → A * → B foldMap* _∙_ ε f [] = ε foldMap* _∙_ ε f (∹ xs) = foldMap+ _∙_ f xs ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Folds module _ (f : A → B → B) (b : B) where foldr+ : A + → B foldr* : A * → B foldr+ (x & xs) = f x (foldr* xs) foldr* [] = b foldr* (∹ xs) = foldr+ xs module _ (f : B → A → B) where foldl+ : B → A + → B foldl* : B → A * → B foldl+ b (x & xs) = foldl* (f b x) xs foldl* b [] = b foldl* b (∹ xs) = foldl+ b xs ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Concatenation module Concat where infixr 4 _++++_ _+++*_ _*+++_ _*++*_ _++++_ : A + → A + → A + _+++*_ : A + → A * → A + _*+++_ : A * → A + → A + _*++*_ : A * → A * → A * head (xs +++* ys) = head xs tail (xs +++* ys) = tail xs *++* ys xs *++* ys = foldr* (λ x zs → ∹ x & zs) ys xs xs ++++ ys = foldr+ (λ x zs → x & ∹ zs) ys xs [] *+++ ys = ys (∹ xs) *+++ ys = xs ++++ ys open Concat public using () renaming (_++++_ to _+++_; _*++*_ to _++*_) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Mapping module _ (f : A → B) where map+ : A + → B + map* : A * → B * head (map+ xs) = f (head xs) tail (map+ xs) = map* (tail xs) map* [] = [] map* (∹ xs) = ∹ map+ xs module _ (f : A → Maybe B) where mapMaybe+ : A + → B * mapMaybe* : A * → B * mapMaybe+ (x & xs) = maybe′ (λ y z → ∹ y & z) id (f x) $ mapMaybe* xs mapMaybe* [] = [] mapMaybe* (∹ xs) = mapMaybe+ xs ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Applicative Operations pure+ : A → A + head (pure+ x) = x tail (pure+ x) = [] pure* : A → A * pure* x = ∹ pure+ x module Apply where _*<*>*_ : (A → B) * → A * → B * _+<*>*_ : (A → B) + → A * → B * _*<*>+_ : (A → B) * → A + → B * _+<*>+_ : (A → B) + → A + → B + [] *<*>* xs = [] (∹ fs) *<*>* xs = fs +<*>* xs fs +<*>* xs = map* (head fs) xs ++* (tail fs *<*>* xs) [] *<*>+ xs = [] (∹ fs) *<*>+ xs = ∹ fs +<*>+ xs fs +<*>+ xs = map+ (head fs) xs Concat.+++* (tail fs *<*>+ xs) open Apply public using () renaming (_*<*>*_ to _<*>*_; _+<*>+_ to _<*>+_) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Monadic Operations module Bind where _+>>=+_ : A + → (A → B +) → B + _+>>=*_ : A + → (A → B *) → B * _*>>=+_ : A * → (A → B +) → B * _*>>=*_ : A * → (A → B *) → B * (x & xs) +>>=+ k = k x Concat.+++* (xs *>>=+ k) (x & xs) +>>=* k = k x Concat.*++* (xs *>>=* k) [] *>>=* k = [] (∹ xs) *>>=* k = xs +>>=* k [] *>>=+ k = [] (∹ xs) *>>=+ k = ∹ xs +>>=+ k open Bind public using () renaming (_*>>=*_ to _>>=*_; _+>>=+_ to _>>=+_) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Scans module Scanr (f : A → B → B) (b : B) where cons : A → B + → B + head (cons x xs) = f x (head xs) tail (cons x xs) = ∹ xs scanr+ : A + → B + scanr* : A * → B + scanr* = foldr* cons (b & []) scanr+ = foldr+ cons (b & []) open Scanr public using (scanr+; scanr*) module _ (f : B → A → B) where scanl* : B → A * → B + head (scanl* b xs) = b tail (scanl* b []) = [] tail (scanl* b (∹ xs)) = ∹ scanl* (f b (head xs)) (tail xs) scanl+ : B → A + → B + head (scanl+ b xs) = b tail (scanl+ b xs) = ∹ scanl* (f b (head xs)) (tail xs) scanl₁ : B → A + → B + scanl₁ b xs = scanl* (f b (head xs)) (tail xs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Accumulating maps module _ (f : B → A → (B × C)) where mapAccumˡ* : B → A * → (B × C *) mapAccumˡ+ : B → A + → (B × C +) mapAccumˡ* b [] = b , [] mapAccumˡ* b (∹ xs) = map₂ ∹_ (mapAccumˡ+ b xs) mapAccumˡ+ b (x & xs) = let y , ys = f b x z , zs = mapAccumˡ* y xs in z , ys & zs module _ (f : A → B → (C × B)) (b : B) where mapAccumʳ* : A * → (C * × B) mapAccumʳ+ : A + → (C + × B) mapAccumʳ* [] = [] , b mapAccumʳ* (∹ xs) = map₁ ∹_ (mapAccumʳ+ xs) mapAccumʳ+ (x & xs) = let ys , y = mapAccumʳ* xs zs , z = f x y in zs & ys , z ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Non-Empty Folds last : A + → A last (x & []) = x last (_ & ∹ xs) = last xs module _ (f : A → A → A) where foldr₁ : A + → A foldr₁ (x & []) = x foldr₁ (x & ∹ xs) = f x (foldr₁ xs) foldl₁ : A + → A foldl₁ (x & xs) = foldl* f x xs module _ (f : A → Maybe B → B) where foldrMaybe* : A * → Maybe B foldrMaybe+ : A + → B foldrMaybe* [] = nothing foldrMaybe* (∹ xs) = just (foldrMaybe+ xs) foldrMaybe+ (x & xs) = f x (foldrMaybe* xs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Indexing infix 4 _[_]* _[_]+ _[_]* : A * → ℕ → Maybe A _[_]+ : A + → ℕ → Maybe A [] [ _ ]* = nothing (∹ xs) [ i ]* = xs [ i ]+ xs [ zero ]+ = just (head xs) xs [ suc i ]+ = tail xs [ i ]* applyUpTo* : (ℕ → A) → ℕ → A * applyUpTo+ : (ℕ → A) → ℕ → A + applyUpTo* f zero = [] applyUpTo* f (suc n) = ∹ applyUpTo+ f n head (applyUpTo+ f n) = f zero tail (applyUpTo+ f n) = applyUpTo* (f ∘ suc) n upTo* : ℕ → ℕ * upTo* = applyUpTo* id upTo+ : ℕ → ℕ + upTo+ = applyUpTo+ id ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Manipulation module ZipWith (f : A → B → C) where +zipWith+ : A + → B + → C + *zipWith+ : A * → B + → C * +zipWith* : A + → B * → C * *zipWith* : A * → B * → C * head (+zipWith+ xs ys) = f (head xs) (head ys) tail (+zipWith+ xs ys) = *zipWith* (tail xs) (tail ys) *zipWith+ [] ys = [] *zipWith+ (∹ xs) ys = ∹ +zipWith+ xs ys +zipWith* xs [] = [] +zipWith* xs (∹ ys) = ∹ +zipWith+ xs ys *zipWith* [] ys = [] *zipWith* (∹ xs) ys = +zipWith* xs ys open ZipWith public renaming (+zipWith+ to zipWith+; *zipWith* to zipWith*) module Unzip (f : A → B × C) where cons : B × C → B * × C * → B + × C + cons = Product.zip′ _&_ _&_ unzipWith* : A * → B * × C * unzipWith+ : A + → B + × C + unzipWith* = foldr* (λ x xs → Product.map ∹_ ∹_ (cons (f x) xs)) ([] , []) unzipWith+ xs = cons (f (head xs)) (unzipWith* (tail xs)) open Unzip using (unzipWith+; unzipWith*) public module Partition (f : A → B ⊎ C) where cons : B ⊎ C → B * × C * → B * × C * proj₁ (cons (inj₁ x) xs) = ∹ x & proj₁ xs proj₂ (cons (inj₁ x) xs) = proj₂ xs proj₂ (cons (inj₂ x) xs) = ∹ x & proj₂ xs proj₁ (cons (inj₂ x) xs) = proj₁ xs partitionSumsWith* : A * → B * × C * partitionSumsWith+ : A + → B * × C * partitionSumsWith* = foldr* (cons ∘ f) ([] , []) partitionSumsWith+ = foldr+ (cons ∘ f) ([] , []) open Partition using (partitionSumsWith+; partitionSumsWith*) public tails* : A * → (A +) * tails+ : A + → (A +) + head (tails+ xs) = xs tail (tails+ xs) = tails* (tail xs) tails* [] = [] tails* (∹ xs) = ∹ tails+ xs reverse* : A * → A * reverse* = foldl* (λ xs x → ∹ x & xs) [] reverse+ : A + → A + reverse+ (x & xs) = foldl* (λ ys y → y & ∹ ys) (x & []) xs
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