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Walters Ms. W.602, Book of kings (Shahnama)
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Walters Ms. W.602, Book of kings (Shahnama)
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Manuscript
Book of kings (Shahnama)
Text title
Vernacular: شاÙÙØ§Ù
Ù
Author
Authority name: Firdawsī
As-written name: AbÅ« al-QÄsim Ḥasan ibn IsḥÄq FirdawsÄ« ṬūsÄ«
Name, in vernacular: اب٠اÙÙØ§Ø³Ù
ØØ³Ù Ø¨Ù Ø§Ø³ØØ§Ù ÙØ±Ø¯ÙØ³Ù Ø·ÙØ³Ù
Note: Author dates preferred by cataloger: d. 411 or 416 AH / 1020-5 CE
Abstract
This copy of FirdawsÄ«'s ShÄhnÄmah (Book of kings) was written by Muḥammad MÄ«rak ibn MÄ«r Muḥammad al-ḤusaynÄ« al-UstÄdÄ«, most probably in Herat (present-day Afghanistan). It was completed in 1028 AH / 1618-9 CE. There are two Arabic colophons, one at the end of the preface (fol. 7a) and the other at the end of part 1 (fol. 334a). The preface is by AbÅ« Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Ê¿Abd al-RazzÄq, who composed it in 346 AH / 957-8 CE. Although incomplete at the end, the manuscript contains eighty-three illustrations. Some are by a later hand and attributed to Safavid artists RizÄ Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« and Shaykh Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« in the eleventh century AH / seventeenth CE (fols. 55b, 62b, 391b, 476b, and 479b). The lacquer binding is not contemporary with the manuscript and dates to the thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE.
Date
1028 AH / 1618-9 CE (fol. 7a, end of preface); 1027 AH / 1617-8 CE (fol. 334a, end of part 1)
Origin
Probably Herat (present-day Afghanistan)
Scribe
As-written name: Muḥammad MÄ«rak ibn MÄ«r Muḥammad al-ḤusaynÄ« al-UstÄdÄ«
Name, in vernacular: Ù
ØÙ
د Ù
ÙØ±Ù ب٠Ù
ÙØ± Ù
ØÙ
د Ø§ÙØØ³ÙÙÙ Ø§ÙØ§Ø³ØªØ§Ø¯Ù
Genre
Historical
Literary -- Poetry
Language:
The primary language in this manuscript is Persian. The secondary language of this manuscript is Arabic.
Colophon
fol. 7a:
- Transliteration: Fol. 7a, end of preface: katabahu Muḥammad /1/ MÄ«rak bn MÄ«r Muḥammad /2/ al-ḤusaynÄ« /3/ al-UstÄdÄ« /4/ ghafara dunÅ«bahu /5/ wa-satara Ê¿uyÅ«b /6/ ahu tamma tamma /7/ tamma /8/ fÄ« sanat 1028 /9/; fol. 334a, end of part 1: tammat al-mujallad al-Å«lá [sic] min KitÄb ShÄhnÄmah /1/ ḥakÄ«m FirdawsÄ« ṬūsÄ« á¹ayyaba tharÄhu /2/ fÄ« al-shuhÅ«r sanat 1027 katabahu al-Ê¿abd al-rÄjÄ« /3/ Muḥammad MÄ«rak ibn MÄ«r Muḥammad al-ḤusaynÄ« /4/ al-UstÄdÄ« /5/ Ê¿afá Ê¿anhu /6/ m (= tamma) /7/
- Comment: Two colophons in Arabic, one at the end of the preface (fol. 7a), the other at the end of part 1 (fol. 334a), giving the title of the work, the scribe's name, and the date of copying
Extent
Foliation: i+531+ii
Collation
Catchwords: Written obliquely on versos
Dimensions
23.5 cm wide by 36.5 cm high
Written surface
12.5 cm wide by 21.5 cm high
Layout
- Columns: 4
- Ruled lines: 21
- Verses written horizontally and obliquely
Contents:
fols. 1b - 531a:
- Title: ShÄhnÄmah
- Author: Firdawsī
- Scribe: Muḥammad MÄ«rak ibn MÄ«r Muḥammad al-ḤusaynÄ« al-UstÄdÄ«
- Incipit: سپاس ÙØ¢ÙرÙÙ Ø®Ø¯Ø§ÙØ±Ø§ Ù٠اÙÙ Ø¬ÙØ§Ù...
- Text note: Main text preceded by a preface by AbÅ« Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Ê¿Abd al-RazzÄq; text incomplete (some 135 folios missing from part 2)
- Hand note: Written mostly in black nastaʿlīq script with rubrications and chapter/section headings in white on a gold background
- Decoration note: Eighty-three illustrations, some spuriously attributed to RizÌ¤Ä Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« and Shaykh Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« (fols. 55b, 62b, 391b, 476b, and 479b); Double-page illuminated frontispiece opening the main text of the ShÄhnÄmah (fols. 8b-9a); illuminated headpiece for the beginning of part 2 (fol. 335b); illuminated headpiece (fol. 106b)
Decoration:
fol. 8b:
- Title: Double-page illuminated frontispiece
- Form: Frontispiece
- Label: This is the right side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece that precedes the beginning of the main text of the ShÄhnÄmah (Book of kings).
fol. 9a:
- Title: Double-page illuminated frontispiece
- Form: Frontispiece
- Label: This is the left side of a double-page illuminated frontispiece that precedes the beginning of the main text of the ShÄhnÄmah (Book of kings).
fol. 12a:
- Title: Kayūmars̱ enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 13b:
- Title: Hūshang discovers fire while planning to kill a dragon with a stone
- Form: Illustration
fol. 15a:
- Title: Tahmūras̱ and the dīvs
- Form: Illustration
fol. 23a:
- Title: FarÄ«dÅ«n defeats Z̤aḥḥÄk
- Form: Illustration
fol. 26b:
- Title: Farīdūn enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 30b:
- Title: The murder of Īraj
- Form: Illustration
fol. 32a:
- Title: The birth of Manūchihr
- Form: Illustration
fol. 36a:
- Title: Manūchihr kills Tūr in battle
- Form: Illustration
fol. 38a:
- Title: Manūchihr kills Salm
- Form: Illustration
fol. 41b:
- Title: SÄm brings ZÄl from the mountains
- Form: Illustration
fol. 55b:
- Title: SÄm receives Sindukht as envoy from the king of KÄbul
- Form: Illustration
- Label: There is a later inscription on this illustration bearing the name of the painter RizÄ with the date 1070 AH / 1659-60 CE.
fol. 62b:
- Title: QubÄd discusses death before fighting BÄrmÄn
- Form: Illustration
- Label: Illegible signatures are present, as well as the spurious date 1082 AH /1671 CE.
fol. 69a:
- Title: Rustam lifts AfrÄsiyÄb by the belt
- Form: Illustration
fol. 75a:
- Title: Rakhsh kills a lion (the first feat)
- Form: Illustration
fol. 76b:
- Title: Rustam kills a dragon (the third feat)
- Form: Illustration
fol. 79b:
- Title: Rustam kills the White Dīv (the seventh feat)
- Form: Illustration
fol. 82b:
- Title: The King of MÄzandarÄn changes himself into a rock
- Form: Illustration
fol. 102b:
- Title: Rustam mortally wounds SuhrÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 105b:
- Title: TahmÄ«nah laments over the body of her son SuhrÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 106b:
- Title: Incipit page with illuminated headpiece
- Form: Incipit; headpiece
- Label: This incipit page with illuminated headpiece introduces the story of SiyÄvush.
fol. 113b:
- Title: The fire ordeal of SiyÄvush
- Form: Illustration
fol. 125a:
- Title: SiyÄvush plays polo before AfrÄsiyÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 128b:
- Title: SiyÄvush marries FarangÄ«s
- Form: Illustration
fol. 138b:
- Title: GurÅ«y executes SiyÄvush
- Form: Illustration
fol. 147a:
- Title: Rustam fights AfrÄsiyÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 158b:
- Title: Kay KÄvus receives Kay Khusraw on his arrival from TÅ«rÄn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 163a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 168b:
- Title: Kay Khusraw reviews his troops
- Form: Illustration
fol. 176a:
- Title: FarÅ«d retreats to his fortress and is mortally wounded by RuhÄm
- Form: Illustration
fol. 196a:
- Title: Farīburz marries Farangīs
- Form: Illustration
fol. 204a:
- Title: Rustam kills Ashkabūs and his horse
- Form: Illustration
fol. 207a:
- Title: Rustam captures and kills KÄmÅ«s
- Form: Illustration
fol. 216a:
- Title: Rustam pulls the KhÄqÄn of China from his elephant by a lasso
- Form: Illustration
fol. 224b:
- Title: Rustam wrestles with PÅ«lÄdvand
- Form: Illustration
fol. 228a:
- Title: Rustam kills the demon AkvÄn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 235b:
- Title: Bīzhan in chains is brought to the well
- Form: Illustration
fol. 241a:
- Title: Rustam drinks wine with Kay Khusraw
- Form: Illustration
fol. 246b:
- Title: Rustam fights the son of the White Dīv who guarded Bīzhan
- Form: Illustration
fol. 247b:
- Title: Rustam rescues Bīzhan from the well
- Form: Illustration
fol. 251a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw receives Rustam after BÄ«zhanâs rescue
- Form: Illustration
fol. 263a:
- Title: BÄ«zhan kills HÅ«mÄn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 264b:
- Title: Bīzhan slays Nastihan
- Form: Illustration
fol. 274a:
- Title: Gīv fights Farshīdvard
- Form: Illustration
fol. 278b:
- Title: FarÄ«burz kills KulbÄd
- Form: Illustration
fol. 279b:
- Title: Gīv battles Gurūy (Gurvī)
- Form: Illustration
fol. 280b:
- Title: Bīzhan kills Ruyīn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 281b:
- Title: Zangah kills JÄvarjÄsp with a spear
- Form: Illustration
fol. 282b:
- Title: GurgÄ«n cuts off the head of AndarÄ«mÄn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 284a:
- Title: GÅ«darz kills PÄ«rÄn
- Form: Illustration
fol. 289a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw mourns PÄ«rÄn and the dead Turanians
- Form: Illustration
fol. 290b:
- Title: Kay Khusraw kills Gurūy (Gurvī)
- Form: Illustration
fol. 302a:
- Title: The army of Kay Khusraw battles the army of Shīdah
- Form: Illustration
fol. 311a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw, having conquered AfrÄsiyÄbâs fortress, sits on his throne
- Form: Illustration
fol. 314b:
- Title: AfrÄsiyÄbâs chieftains before Kay Khusraw
- Form: Illustration
fol. 319a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw crosses Lake Zarah in pursuit of AfrÄsiyÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 325a:
- Title: Kay Khusraw slays AfrÄsiyÄb
- Form: Illustration
fol. 335b:
- Title: Incipit page with illuminated headpiece
- Form: Incipit; headpiece
- Label: This incipit page with illuminated headpiece introduces part 2 of the ShÄhnÄmah, beginning with the story of King LuhrÄsp.
fol. 337b:
- Title: LuhrÄsp enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 341b:
- Title: GushtÄsp kills a wolf
- Form: Illustration
fol. 346a:
- Title: GushtÄsp fight with IlyÄs
- Form: Illustration
fol. 355a:
- Title: BidarÄfsh kills ZarÄ«r, the brother of GushtÄsp
- Form: Illustration
fol. 377b:
- Title: IsfandiyÄr kills GurgsÄr during the seventh exploit
- Form: Illustration
fol. 381a:
- Title: IsfandiyÄr kills ArjÄsp
- Form: Illustration
fol. 391b:
- Title: Rustam and IsfandiyÄr parley
- Form: Illustration
- Label: This illustration is a spurious later attribution to Shaykh Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« with the date 1097 AH / 1685 CE.
fol. 397b:
- Title: The first combat of Rustam and IsfandiyÄr
- Form: Illustration
fol. 403a:
- Title: Rustam shoots IsfandiyÄr in the eyes with a double-pointed arrow
- Form: Illustration
fol. 410b:
- Title: Rustam kills his brother ShaghÄd before dying in the pit
- Form: Illustration
fol. 415b:
- Title: HumÄy enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 423b:
- Title: Alexander the Great mourns the dying Darius
- Form: Illustration
fol. 427a:
- Title: Alexander the Great meets Rushanak, the daughter of Darius
- Form: Illustration
fol. 433b:
- Title: Alexander the Great kills Fūr, the king of India
- Form: Illustration
fol. 456b:
- Title: The execution of ArdavÄn by ArdashÄ«r
- Form: Illustration
fol. 460b:
- Title: Ardashīr executes Mihrak
- Form: Illustration
fol. 462b:
- Title: ArdashÄ«r hangs HaftvÄd and his eldest son
- Form: Illustration
fol. 465a:
- Title: ArdashÄ«r recognizes his son ShÄpÅ«r during a polo game
- Form: Illustration
fol. 472b:
- Title: ArdashÄ«r, on his deathbed, cedes the throne to ShÄpÅ«r
- Form: Illustration
fol. 476b:
- Title: BahrÄm BahrÄmiyÄn enthroned
- Form: Illustration
- Label: This illustration is a spurious later attribution to Shaykh Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« with the date 1097 AH / 1685 CE.
fol. 479b:
- Title: The infant king ShÄpÅ«r II enthroned
- Form: Illustration
- Label: This illustration is a spurious later attribution to RizÌ¤Ä Ê¿AbbÄsÄ« with the date 1097 AH / 1685 CE.
fol. 486a:
- Title: ShÄpÅ«r cuts off the nose and ears of the king of RÅ«m
- Form: Illustration
fol. 488a:
- Title: ShÄpÅ«r besieges the Roman fortress of NaṣībÄ«n
- Form: Illustration
fol. 493a:
- Title: Munzir introduces BahrÄm GÅ«r to two maidens, one a servant, the other a harpist
- Form: Illustration
fol. 494b:
- Title: BahrÄm GÅ«r hunts with his men
- Form: Illustration
fol. 499b:
- Title: BahrÄm GÅ«r enthroned
- Form: Illustration
fol. 504a:
- Title: BahrÄm GÅ«r hunts lions
- Form: Illustration
fol. 513a:
- Title: BahrÄm GÅ«r decapitates a lion
- Form: Illustration
Binding
The binding is not original.
Dates to the thirteenth century AH / nineteenth CE; Qajar-style lacquer boards (no flap); central ovals and pendants decorated with animal scenes; doublures with dentelle-style filigree work
Acquisition
Walters Art Museum, 1931, by Henry Walters bequest
Bibliography
Richard, Francis. Catalogue des manuscrits persans. (Paris: Bibliothèque nationale, 1989), no. 278.
Storey, C. A. Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey, Vol. 1. (London: Luzac, 1927- ), 112-159.
Schmitz, Barbara. âMiniature Painting in HarÄt, 1570-1640.â (PhD diss., New York University, 1981), 353-358.
Contributors
Principal cataloger: Gacek, Adam
Catalogers: Landau, Amy; Smith, Sita
Editor: Bockrath, Diane
Conservators: Jewell, Stephanie; Quandt, Abigail
Contributors: Barrera, Christina; Emery, Doug; Herbert, Lynley; Noel, William; Simpson, Shreve; Tabritha, Ariel; Toth, Michael B.; Valle, Chiara
Publisher
The Walters Art Museum
License
Licensed for use under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Access Rights, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode. It is requested that copies of any published articles based on the information in this data set be sent to the curator of manuscripts, The Walters Art Museum, 600 North Charles Street, Baltimore MD 21201.
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