PostgreSQL has a rich set of native data types available to users. Users can add new types to PostgreSQL using the CREATE TYPE command.
Table 8.1 shows all the built-in general-purpose data types. Most of the alternative names listed in the “Aliases” column are the names used internally by PostgreSQL for historical reasons. In addition, some internally used or deprecated types are available, but are not listed here.
Table 8.1. Data Types
Name Aliases Descriptionbigint int8 signed eight-byte integer bigserial serial8 autoincrementing eight-byte integer bit [ (n) ] fixed-length bit string bit varying [ (n) ] varbit [ (n) ] variable-length bit string boolean bool logical Boolean (true/false) box rectangular box on a plane bytea binary data (“byte array”) character [ (n) ] char [ (n) ] fixed-length character string character varying [ (n) ] varchar [ (n) ] variable-length character string cidr IPv4 or IPv6 network address circle circle on a plane date calendar date (year, month, day) double precision float, float8 double precision floating-point number (8 bytes) inet IPv4 or IPv6 host address integer int, int4 signed four-byte integer interval [ fields ] [ (p) ] time span json textual JSON data jsonb binary JSON data, decomposed line infinite line on a plane lseg line segment on a plane macaddr MAC (Media Access Control) address macaddr8 MAC (Media Access Control) address (EUI-64 format) money currency amount numeric [ (p, s) ] decimal [ (p, s) ] exact numeric of selectable precision path geometric path on a plane pg_lsn PostgreSQL Log Sequence Number pg_snapshot user-level transaction ID snapshot point geometric point on a plane polygon closed geometric path on a plane real float4 single precision floating-point number (4 bytes) smallint int2 signed two-byte integer smallserial serial2 autoincrementing two-byte integer serial serial4 autoincrementing four-byte integer text variable-length character string time [ (p) ] [ without time zone ] time of day (no time zone) time [ (p) ] with time zone timetz time of day, including time zone timestamp [ (p) ] [ without time zone ] date and time (no time zone) timestamp [ (p) ] with time zone timestamptz date and time, including time zone tsquery text search query tsvector text search document txid_snapshot user-level transaction ID snapshot (deprecated; see pg_snapshot) uuid universally unique identifier xml XML data
The following types (or spellings thereof) are specified by SQL: bigint, bit, bit varying, boolean, char, character varying, character, varchar, date, double precision, integer, interval, numeric, decimal, real, smallint, time (with or without time zone), timestamp (with or without time zone), xml.
Each data type has an external representation determined by its input and output functions. Many of the built-in types have obvious external formats. However, several types are either unique to PostgreSQL, such as geometric paths, or have several possible formats, such as the date and time types. Some of the input and output functions are not invertible, i.e., the result of an output function might lose accuracy when compared to the original input.
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