Patients with clinical complete response(cCR) after neoadjuvant treatment receiving the Watch and Wait('W&W') policy can achieve similar survival of those with yeild pathological complete response (ypCR), and have significantly improved quality of life compared to those undergoing radical operation. Based on thoroughly reviewing the literatures and guidelines at home and abroad, and referring associated clinical experiences from a lot of domestic medical centers, the present version of Chinese Consensus on W&W was established by a panel of many experts of gastrointestinal surgery, medical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, endoscopy, radiology. This consensus mainly elucidates important conceptions of the W&W policy, current key evidences, risks and benefits for patients, conditions to carry out W&W, criteria of cCR diagnosis, timing of evaluation, follow - up plan, salvage treatment for local relapse and distant metastasis, associated problems of local resection, and is expected to facilitate the clinical practice and research of W&W policy in China.
直肠癌新辅助治疗后评效为临床完全缓解（cCR）的患者接受等待观察（W&W）与治疗后发生病理完全缓解（ypCR）患者在生存率上没有明显差异，与接受根治性手术相比，能够显著提升患者生活质量。在充分复习国内外相关文献及指南的基础上，参考国内多家中心的相关临床经验，由国内胃肠外科、肿瘤内科、放疗科、消化内镜、病理科及影像科等多个领域数十位专家就W&W策略初步形成共识，重点阐述了W&W相关重要概念、现有的重要证据、患者的风险与收益、开展W&W的条件、cCR的诊断标准、评效的时机、随访计划、局部再生与远处转移的解救、局部切除术等相关问题，为我国系统开展W&W策略及其临床研究奠定基础。.
Keywords: Clinical complete response; Neoadjuvant treatment; Rectal neoplasms; Watch and wait policy.
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